vuzbiochemiИзвестия вузов. Прикладная химия и биотехнологияProceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology2227-29252500-1558ИРНИТУ10.21285/2227-2925-2023-13-3-340-349EWIDYIvuzbiochemi-1068Research ArticleФИЗИКО-ХИМИЧЕСКАЯ БИОЛОГИЯPHYSICOCHEMICAL BIOLOGYИсследование ферментативной активности экстрактов из биомассы высших грибов для получения молочнокислых продуктовEnzymatic activity of extracts from higher fungi for manufacturing fermented dairy productshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4286-7783МинаковД. В.MinakovD. V.

Минаков Денис Викторович - кандидат биологических наук, доцент, Алтайский ГУ; доцент, Бийский ТУ – филиал Алтайского ГТУ им. И.И. Ползунова.

656049, Барнаул, пр. Ленина, 61; 659305, Бийск, ул. Трофимова, 27

Denis V. Minakov - Cand. Sci. (Biology), Associate Professor, ASU; Associate Professor, Biysk Institute of Technology (branch) of the Polzunov ASTU.

61, Lenin Ave., Barnaul, 656049; 27, Trofimov St., Biysk, 659323

minakovd-1990@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6847-8487УразоваЯ. В.UrazovaYa. V.

Уразова Яна Валерьевна - аспирант, Алтайский ГУ; преподаватель, Бийский ТУ – филиал Алтайского ГТУ им. И.И. Ползунова.

656049, Барнаул, пр. Ленина, 61; 659305, Бийск, ул. Трофимова, 27

Yana V. Urazova - Postgraduate Student, ASU; Lecturer, Biysk Institute of Technology (branch) of the Polzunov ASTU.

61, Lenin Ave., Barnaul, 656049; 27, Trofimov St., Biysk, 659323

urazova.iav@bti.secna.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4539-2744БазарноваН. Г.BazarnovaN. G.

Базарнова Наталья Григорьевна - доктор химических наук, профессор.

656049, Барнаул, пр. Ленина, 61

Natalya G. Bazarnova - Doctor of Chemistry, Professor.

656049, Barnaul, Lenin Ave., 61

bazarnova@chem.asu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5841-1791ТихоновС. Л.TikhonovS. L.

Тихонов Сергей Леонидович - доктор технических наук, профессор.

620000, Екатеринбург, ул. 8 Марта/Народной воли, 62/45

Sergei L. Tikhonov - Dr. Sci. (Engineering), Professor.

62/45, 8 Marta/Narodnoi Voli St., Yekaterinburg, 620000

tihonov75@bk.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8618-7085МинаковаМ. В.MinakovaM. V.

Минакова Марианна Викторовна, магистрант, инженер.

659305, Бийск, ул. Трофимова, 27

Marianna V. Minakova - Master Student, Engineer.

27, Trofimov St., Biysk, 659323

marianna.minakova@mail.ruАлтайский государственный университет; Бийский технологический институт – филиал Алтайского государственного технического университета им. И.И. ПолзуноваРоссияAltai State University; Biysk Institute of Technology (branch) of the Polzunov Altai State Technical UniversityRussian FederationАлтайский государственный университетРоссияAltai State UniversityRussian FederationУральский государственный экономический университетРоссияUral State Economic UniversityRussian FederationБийский технологический институт – филиал Алтайского государственного технического университета им. И.И. ПолзуноваРоссияBiysk Institute of Technology (branch) of the Polzunov Altai State Technical UniversityRussian Federation202329092023133340349Copyright © Минаков Д.В., Уразова Я.В., Базарнова Н.Г., Тихонов С.Л., Минакова М.В., 20232023Минаков Д.В., Уразова Я.В., Базарнова Н.Г., Тихонов С.Л., Минакова М.В.Minakov D.V., Urazova Y.V., Bazarnova N.G., Tikhonov S.L., Minakova M.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vuzbiochemi.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1068

Статья посвящена исследованию ферментативной активности и химического состава экстрактов, полученных из субстратного мицелия высших грибов. Объектом исследования является биомасса мицелия грибов Piptoporus betulinus (субстратный мицелий), полученная методом твердофазного культивирования на растительном субстрате. Для получения экстрактов использовали дистиллированную воду (pH=7,0), ацетатный (pH=4,7), фосфатный (pH=7,4) и буфер Mcllvaine (pH=4,0). В работе определяли молокосвертывающую, протеолитическую, целлюлозолитическую и липолитическую активности, а также содержание белковых веществ в водном и буферных экстрактах. В результате проведенных исследований было установлено, что в извлечениях из субстратного мицелия P. betulinus, полученных дистиллированной водой и буферами, значения целлюлозолитической (3,75–3,90 ед/г), липолитической (40,00–44,24 ед/г) и молокосвертывающей (65,80–66,60 ед/мл) активности отличаются незначительно. Значения протеолитической активности изменялись от 0,22 до 0,78 ед/мл. Наиболее эффективным растворителем для получения высоких значений молокосвертывающей активности является дистиллированная вода. Концентрация белковых веществ в нативном водном экстракте из субстратного мицелия P. betulinus составила 14,50 мг/мл. Очистка экстракта микрофильтрацией и бентонитом приводит к значительному снижению концентрации белка (до 5,90 мг/мл), целлюлозолитической (до 1,40 ед/г), липолитической (до 5,30 ед/г) и протеолитической (до 0,11 ед/мл) активности и повышению значений молокосвертывающей активности (до 285,80 ед/мл). Бентонит сорбирует целлюлозолитические, липолитические и неспецифические протеолитические ферменты, за счет чего происходит очевидное повышение значений молокосвертывающей активности. Установлен высокий показатель соотношения молокосвертывающей к протеолитической активности у водного экстракта грибов P. betulinus – 2598,20, что, возможно, приведет к повышению выхода, улучшению органолептических свойств и увеличению срока хранения сыров.

The present study investigates the enzymatic activity and chemical composition of extracts obtained from the substrate mycelium of higher fungi. The investigated object is the biomass of fungi Piptoporus betulinus (substrate mycelium) gathered after solid-phase cultivation on natural substrate. The extracts were obtained using distilled water (pH=7.0), acetate (pH=4.7) and phosphate (pH=7.4) buffers, and Mcllvaine buffer (pH=4.0). Milk-clotting, proteolytic, cellulosolytic and lipolytic activity, as well as protein content, were determined in both aqueous or buffer extracts. As a result, the values of cellulosolytic (3.75–3.90 units/g), lipolytic (40.00–44.24 units/g) and milk-clotting (65.80–66.60 units/mL) activity of the substrate mycelium was determined. These values differ slightly in the extracts prepared on distilled water and buffers. Moreover, the concentration of protein substances in the native aqueous extract from the substrate mycelium of P. betulinus was 14.50 mg/mL. The values of proteolytic activity varied from 0.22 to 0.78 units/mL. Distilled water was found to be the most effective solvent for achieving high values of milk-clotting activity. Extract purification by microfiltration or with bentonite leads to a significant decrease in protein concentration (up to 5.90 mg/mL), cellulose(up to 1.40 units/g), lipo(up to 5.30 units/g), and proteolytic (up to 0.11 units/mL) activity, and an increase in milk-clotting activity values (up to 285.80 units/mL). The bentonite sorbs cellulosolytic, lipolytic, and non-specific proteolytic enzymes, resulting in a noticeable increase in the value of milk-clotting activity. In the aqueous extract of P. betulinus fungi, a high ratio of milk-clotting to proteolytic activity was found with a value of 2598.20. This may lead to an increased yield and improvement of the organoleptic properties of cheese and its storage period.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.