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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vuzbiochemi</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия вузов. Прикладная химия и биотехнология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2227-2925</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-1558</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ИРНИТУ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21285/achb.925</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">NOXMES</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vuzbiochemi-1273</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ХИМИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CHEMICAL SCIENCES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Глюконатные растворы для электрохимического и химического никелирования</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Gluconate solutions for nickel electrodeposition and nickel electroless plating</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5457-8646</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Афонин</surname><given-names>Е. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Afonin</surname><given-names>E. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Афонин Евгений Геннадиевич - к.х.н., старший научный сотрудник.</p><p>248000, Калуга, ул. Карла Маркса, 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeniy G. Afonin - Cand. Sci. (Chemistry), Senior Researcher.</p><p>4, Karl Marx St., Kaluga, 248000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">afonineg.chem@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Калужский научно-исследовательский институт телемеханических устройств</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kaluga Research Institute of Telemechanical Devices</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>298</fpage><lpage>304</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Афонин Е.Г., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Афонин Е.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Afonin E.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vuzbiochemi.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1273">https://vuzbiochemi.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1273</self-uri><abstract><p>Гальванические покрытия никелем широко применяются в промышленности для защитно-декоративной отделки поверхностей металлических и неметаллических материалов, для защиты от коррозии при повышенной температуре в щелочной среде и в растворах органических кислот, в качестве подслоя для получения покрытий другими металлами на сталь, для повышения твердости и износостойкости поверхности, улучшения паяемости. Данные покрытия получают из водных слабокислых, а также из слабощелочных комплексных электролитов. В настоящем обзоре проанализированы литературные данные по комплексообразованию никеля(+2) с D-глюконат-ионом CH2OH(CHOH)4COO‾, а также рассмотрены составы и некоторые технологические характеристики комплексных D-глюконатных растворов для гальванического и химического никелирования. Например, из электролита с рН 8, содержащего 53 г/дм3 NiSO4 • 6H2O, 44 г/дм3 D-C6H11O7Na, 25 г/дм3 H3BO3, 53 г/дм3 (NH4)2SO4  и 0,5–3 г/дм3 CO(NH2)2, при температуре 25 °C, катодной плотности тока 2,5 А/дм2 с выходом по току 96,4% получают коррозионностойкое гладкое светлое гальваническое покрытие никелем, хорошо сцепленное с медной основой. Из раствора с рН 9, содержащего 5–30 г/дм3 NiSO4 • 6H2O, 10–60 г/дм3 D-C6H11O7Na,  5–40 г/дм3  NaH2PO2 •H2O,  3 г/дм3 HOOCCH2CH2COOH, 0,5 г/дм3  CH3(CH2)11OSO3Na,  0,002 г/дм3 Pb(CH3COO)2 •3H2O, при температуре 90 °C со скоростью до 0,75 мкм/мин получают химическое покрытие сплавом Ni-P(3–18 масс.%) на меди. В обзоре также обсуждаются способы приготовления D-глюконатных электролитов никелирования с использованием D-глюконата натрия, D-глюконо-1,5-лактона, D-глюконата никеля. Одним из достоинств D-глюконатных растворов никелирования является то, что D-глюконаты нетоксичны и имеют невысокую стоимость.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Nickel electroplating has found a wide range of industrial applications as a technique for creating protective and decorative coatings of metallic and non-metallic surfaces, protecting materials against corrosion at elevated temperatures in both alkaline environments and organic acid solutions, forming a sublayer for obtaining coatings of other metals on steel, enhancing the hardness and wear resistance of surfaces, as well as for improving solderability. Such coatings can be obtained from weakly acidic aqueous and weakly alkaline complex electrolytes. In this review, we analyze the available literature on complexation of nickel(+2) with D-gluconate ion CH2OH(CHOH)4COO‾, along with that on compositions and some technological characteristics of complex D-gluconate solutions for nickel electrodeposition and electroless plating. Thus, a corrosion-resistant smooth light-colored nickel coating, tightly adhered to a copper substrate, was obtained from an electrolyte with a pH level of 8, containing 53 g/dm3 of NiSO4 •6H2O, 44 g/dm3 of D-C6H11O7Na, 25 g/dm3 of H3BO3, 53 g/dm3 of (NH4)2SO4, and 0.5–3 g/dm3 of CO(NH2)2, at a temperature of 25 °C, a cathodic current density of 2.5 A/dm2 with a current efficiency of 96.4%. An electroless Ni-P(3–18 wt%) alloy coating on copper was obtained from a solution with a pH level of 9, containing 5–30 g/dm3  of NiSO4 •6H2O, 10–60 g/dm3 of D-C6H11O7Na, 5–40 g/dm3   of NaH2PO2 •H2O, 3 g/dm3   of HOOCCH2CH2COOH, 0.5 g/dm3   of CH3(CH2)11OSO3Na, 0.002 g/dm3 of Pb(CH3COO)2•3H2O, at a temperature of 90 °C and a deposition rate of up to 0.75 μm/min. The review also discusses methods for preparing D-gluconate electrolytes for nickel plating using sodium D-gluconate, D-glucono-1,5-lactone, and nickel D-gluconate. One advantage of D-gluconate nickel plating solutions consists in the absence of toxicity and low cost of D-gluconates.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>комплексообразование</kwd><kwd>глюконатный электролит</kwd><kwd>гальваническое никелирования</kwd><kwd>химическое никелирование</kwd><kwd>химический состав электролита</kwd><kwd>приготовление электролита</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>complex formation</kwd><kwd>gluconate electrolyte</kwd><kwd>nickel electrodeposition</kwd><kwd>electroless nickel plating</kwd><kwd>electrolyte composition</kwd><kwd>electrolyte preparing method</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Coccioli F., Vicedomini M. On the protonation of gluconate ions and the complex formation with lead(II) in acid solutions. Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry. 1978;40(12):2103-2105. 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