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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vuzbiochemi</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия вузов. Прикладная химия и биотехнология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2227-2925</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-1558</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ИРНИТУ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21285/achb.936</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">UTLVZQ</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vuzbiochemi-1277</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЗИКО-ХИМИЧЕСКАЯ БИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHYSICOCHEMICAL BIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Наноструктурные материалы как опасные микрополлютанты сточных вод: источники поступления, судьба и воздействие на функциональное бактериальное сообщество активного ила</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nanostructured materials as hazardous wastewater micropullutants: Sources, behavior, and impact on functional bacterial community of activated sludge</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4216-8859</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стрекаловская</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Strekalovskaya</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Стрекаловская Елена Иннокентьевна - к.б.н., ведущий научный сотрудник, Иркутский ИХ им. А.Е. Фаворского СО РАН, доцент, Иркутский ГУ.</p><p>664033, Иркутск, ул. Фаворского, 1; 664003, Иркутск, ул. Карла Маркса, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena I. Strekalovskaya - Cand. Sci. (Biology), Leading Researcher, A.E. Favorsky IIC SB RAS, Associate Professor, ISU.</p><p>1, Favorsky St., Irkutsk, 664033; 1, Karl Marx St., Irkutsk, 664003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ivanova.iem@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9220-9765</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сипкина</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sipkina</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сипкина Евгения Иннокентьевна - к.х.н., доцент.</p><p>664074, Иркутск, ул. Лермонтова, 83</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeniya I. Sipkina - Cand. Sci. (Chemistry), Associate Professor.</p><p>83, Lermontov St., Irkutsk, 664074</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">evgiv84@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Иркутский институт химии им. А.Е. Фаворского СО РАН; Иркутский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry SB RAS; Irkutsk State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Иркутский национальный исследовательский технический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Irkutsk National Research Technical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>339</fpage><lpage>351</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Стрекаловская Е.И., Сипкина Е.И., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Стрекаловская Е.И., Сипкина Е.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Strekalovskaya E.I., Sipkina E.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vuzbiochemi.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1277">https://vuzbiochemi.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1277</self-uri><abstract><p>Благодаря особенностям наносостояния наноматериалы представляют интерес для промышленного, медицинского, сельскохозяйственного и экологического применения. Тем не менее выброс наночастиц в окружающую среду вызывает серьезную обеспокоенность из-за недостаточности знаний об их поведении в окружающей среде и потенциальных широкомасштабных экологических воздействиях. С одной стороны, наноматериалы воспринимаются как загрязнители, которые могут оказывать влияние на микроорганизмы активного ила и, как следствие, на эффективность процессов очистки сточных вод. С другой – некоторые из них намеренно добавляются в системы активного ила, чтобы улучшить работу системы, например осаждаемость ила, удаление тяжелых металлов или органических загрязнителей. Следовательно, наночастицы часто обнаруживаются и накапливаются в сточных водах, которые считаются основным источником выброса наночастиц в окружающую среду. Процессы с участием активного ила являются наиболее широко используемыми биологическими процессами на очистных сооружениях во всем мире благодларя высокой способности удалять питательные вещества, разлагать токсины и удерживать биомассу. Высокая концентрация наночастиц, попадающих в системы активного ила, может влиять на их рост и метаболизм. Представленные в обзоре работы показывают, что наночастицы значительно снижают относительную численность микробного сообщества активного ила, связанного с нитрификацией, денитрификацией и удалением фосфора. Таким образом, знание структуры микробного сообщества активного ила с оценкой токсичности наноматерилов будет способствовать оптимизации популяции ила и улучшению работы очистных сооружений.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Unique properties of nanoscale materials make them attractive for industrial, medical, agricultural, and environmental applications. Nevertheless, the release of nanoparticles into the environment is a major concern due to the lack of knowledge about their behavior in the environment and potential widespread environmental impacts. On the one hand, nanomaterials are perceived as pollutants that may affect activated sludge microorganisms and, consequently, the efficiency of wastewater treatment processes. On the other hand, some nanomaterials can be intentionally added to activated sludge systems to improve their performance in terms of, e.g., sludge settling and removing heavy metals or organic pollutants. As a result, nanoparticles are frequently accumulated in wastewater, which is considered to be a major source of nanoparticle release to the surrounding environment. Processes that involve the action of activated sludge are used worldwide in wastewater treatment plants due to their excellent capacity of removing nutrients, degrading toxins, and retaining biomass. High concentrations of nanoparticles entering activated sludge systems can affect their growth and metabolism. The research studies, which are reviewed in the present article, show that nanoparticles significantly reduce the relative abundance of the activated sludge microbial community associated with nitrification, denitrification, and phosphorus removal. The knowledge about the structure of the activated sludge microbial community with an assessment of nanomaterial toxicity can contribute to optimizing the sludge population and improving the performance of wastewater treatment plants.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>наноматериалы</kwd><kwd>микроорганизмы</kwd><kwd>активный ил</kwd><kwd>токсичность</kwd><kwd>очистные сооружения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>nanomaterials</kwd><kwd>microorganisms</kwd><kwd>activated sludge</kwd><kwd>toxicity</kwd><kwd>wastewater treatment plants</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ali I., Aboul-Enein H.Y. Chiral pollutants: distribution, toxicity and analysis by chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. John Wiley &amp; Sons; 2004, 352 p. DOI: 10.1002/0470867825.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ali I., Aboul-Enein H.Y. 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