In this research, we set out to conduct a thematic review of literature published on the processes of bacterial nanocellulose biosynthesis (BNC) using alternative culture media with the purpose of identifying key technological approaches in the field. The literature search and selection cover a period of 20 years. The analysis of the discovered patented technical solutions has shown BNC pro-duction to be a complicated and expensive process. Three main directions for reducing its costs have been identified: substitution of edible raw materials by non-edible ones; development of new engineering solutions permitting either a greater product yield or a higher BNC quality; isolation (from natural sources or creation with bioengineering technologies) of new micro-organism strains that possess a high biosynthetic action, thus enabling a higher product yield over a shorter time. A number of patents under investigation are shown to cover all three of the aforementioned directions. It is concluded that the identified directions in the BNC production can be considered promising for the development of new technical solutions.