vuzbiochemiИзвестия вузов. Прикладная химия и биотехнологияProceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology2227-29252500-1558ИРНИТУ10.21285/2227-2925-2018-8-4-42-54vuzbiochemi-149Research ArticleФИЗИКО-ХИМИЧЕСКАЯ И ОБЩАЯ БИОЛОГИЯPHYSICOCHEMICAL AND GENERAL BIOLOGYОСОБЕННОСТИ НАКОПЛЕНИЯ АНТИОКСИДАНТНЫХ ФЕРМЕНТОВ У КАРТОФЕЛЯ В УСЛОВИЯХ БИОТИЧЕСКОГО И АБИОТИЧЕСКОГО СТРЕССАACCUMULATION OF ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES IN POTATO PLANTS UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF BIOTIC AND ABIOTIC STRESSКиргизоваИ. В.KirgizovaI. V.irina.kz-89@mail.ruГаджимурадоваА. М.GajimuradovaA. M.noemail@neicon.ruОмаровР. Т.OmarovR. Т.romarov@gmail.comОмский государственный технический университетРоссияOmsk State Technical UniversityRussian FederationРГП на ПХВ Евразийский национальный университет им. Л.Н. ГумилеваРоссияL.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National UniversityRussian Federation201823092019844254Copyright © Киргизова И.В., Гаджимурадова А.М., Омаров Р.Т., 20192019Киргизова И.В., Гаджимурадова А.М., Омаров Р.Т.Kirgizova I.V., Gajimuradova A.M., Omarov R.Т.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vuzbiochemi.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/149

Растения регулярно подвергаются воздействию негативных факторов среды, что приводит к экономическим потерям и усиливает возможность угрозы продовольственной безопасности многих стран. Вирусы приводят к ухудшению качественных характеристик семенного материала, а в сочетании с другими стрессовыми факторами снижают урожайность. Особое влияние на растение вирусные инфекции оказывают в сочетании с абиотическими стрессами, которые приводят к генерации активных форм кислорода и развитию «окислительного взрыва»: за счет увеличения уровня активных форм кислорода наблюдается активация выработки антиоксидантных ферментов. Исследования защитных механизмов растений, в том числе картофеля, в условиях стрессов могут быть использованы для их более детального и расширенного понимания, а также для разработки методов повышения устойчивости экономически важных сельскохозяйственных культур. В настоящей работе представлен обзор научных трудов в области биохимии и защиты растений при вирусных инфекциях и солевом стрессе, которые приводят к выработке супероксиддисмутазы, каталазы, пероксидазы и альдегидоксидазы. Изучение механизмов регулирования метаболизма активных форм кислорода у растений в течение воздействия абиотических и биотических стрессовых факторов может служить базой для разработки новых эффективных стратегий борьбы с вирусной инфекцией и абиотическими стрессовыми факторами.

Plants may often be exposed to adverse environmental factors, leading to economic losses and threatening the food security of many countries. Among these factors, viruses not only affect the quality of seeding material, but also reduce crop yields. Viral infections have a particular effect on plants in combination with abiotic stresses. Abiotic stresses are known to stimulate the development of reactive oxygen species, thus generating an «oxidative explosion» effect: an increase in the level of reactive oxygen species results in the production of antioxidant enzymes. Research studies aimed at investigating the protective mechanisms of various plants (including potatoes) against stress factors contribute to a more detailed understanding of these mechanisms, as well as to the development of methods for boosting the resilience of economically important crops. This paper presents a review of scientific papers in the field of biochemistry and plant protection against viral infections and salt stress, which lead to the production of superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase and aldehyde oxidase. The study of mechanisms regulating the metabolism of reactive oxygen species in plants during their exposure to abiotic and biotic stress factors may serve as a basis for the development of new effective strategies to combat viral infections and abiotic stress factors.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.