vuzbiochemiИзвестия вузов. Прикладная химия и биотехнологияProceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology2227-29252500-1558ИРНИТУ10.21285/achb.987CCBZMQvuzbiochemi-1508Research ArticleХИМИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИCHEMICAL SCIENCESСинтетические компоненты гидрогелей в тканевой инженерииSynthetic components of hydrogels in tissue engineeringhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2540-4525ДреминаН. Н.DreminaN. N.

Дремина Наталья Николаевна, к.б.н., старший научный сотрудник

664003, г. Иркутск, ул. Борцов Революции, 1

Natalya N. Dremina, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Senior Researcher

6, Bortsov Revolyutsii St., Irkutsk, 664003

drema76@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0270-404XТруханИ. С.TrukhanI. S.

Трухан Ирина Сергеевна, к.б.н., старший научный сотрудник

664003, г. Иркутск, ул. Борцов Революции, 1

Irina S. Trukhan, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Senior Researcher

6, Bortsov Revolyutsii St., Irkutsk, 664003

predel4@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3980-050XШурыгинаИ. А.ShuryginaI. A.

Шурыгина Ирина Александровна, д.м.н., профессор РАН, заместитель директора по научной работе

664003, г. Иркутск, ул. Борцов Революции, 1

Irina A. Shurygina, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Deputy Director for Research

6, Bortsov Revolyutsii St., Irkutsk, 664003

irinashurygina@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5921-0318ШурыгинМ. Г.ShuryginM. G.

Шурыгин Михаил Геннадьевич, д.м.н., заведующий научно-лабораторным отделом

664003, г. Иркутск, ул. Борцов Революции, 1

Michael G. Shurygin, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Head of Research and Laboratory Department

6, Bortsov Revolyutsii St., Irkutsk, 664003

mshurygin@gmail.comИркутский научный центр хирургии и травматологииРоссияIrkutsk Scientific Center of Surgery and TraumatologyRussian Federation202507102025153305317Copyright © Дремина Н.Н., Трухан И.С., Шурыгина И.А., Шурыгин М.Г., 20252025Дремина Н.Н., Трухан И.С., Шурыгина И.А., Шурыгин М.Г.Dremina N.N., Trukhan I.S., Shurygina I.A., Shurygin M.G.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vuzbiochemi.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1508

Целью проведенного исследования являлось осуществление аналитического обзора синтетических компонентов, таких как полиэтиленгликоль и акриловая кислота, для изготовления гидрогелей, выявление их преимуществ и недостатков, а также изучение возможностей применения данных материалов в тканевой инженерии. Гидрогели представляют собой сшитые трехмерные полимерные соединения, которые благодаря наличию гидрофильных частиц способны поглощать большое количество жидкости. Физико-химические свойства гидрогелей настраиваются в зависимости от поставленных задач и определяются составом композиции, концентрацией компонентов, методами и плотностью сшивания, способами изготовления, а также наличием присоединенных веществ. Гидрогели применяются в различных областях, среди которых одно из главных мест занимают биомедицина, биотехнологии и биоинжиниринг. Известно, что компоненты для изготовления гидрогелей делятся на природные, синтетические и полусинтетические. В отличие от гидрогелей из природных компонентов гидрогели из синтетических составляющих обладают таким преимуществом, как высокая воспроизводимость. Синтетические гидрогели способны обеспечить большую гибкость в отношении химического состава и механических свойств, которые могут быть адаптированы для конкретных применений с включением функциональных групп, а их транспортные свойства могут быть изменены путем регулировки длины и плотности полимерных цепей. В настоящее время синтетические полимеры стали важным альтернативным выбором для изготовления гидрогелевых каркасов, поскольку они могут быть молекулярно адаптированы с учетом структуры, молекулярной массы, механической прочности и биоразлагаемости. В данной статье представлена основная информация о гидрогелях, описана их структура, классификация, рассмотрены основные синтетические компоненты для гидрогелевых композиций и способы их применения.

The study aims to provide an analytical review of synthetic components, such as polyethylene glycol and acrylic acid, used in the production of hydrogels, identify their advantages and disadvantages, and explore the potential applications of these materials in tissue engineering. Hydrogels constitute cross-linked three-dimensional polymers that, due to the presence of hydrophilic particles, are capable of absorbing large amounts of liquid. The physicochemical properties of hydrogels are adjusted depending on the task and are determined by the composition, component concentration, cross-linking methods and density, manufacturing methods, and the presence of additives. Hydrogels are used in various fields, including biomedicine, biotechnology, and bioengineering. It is known that components for the manufacture of hydrogels can be divided into natural, synthetic, and semi-synthetic. Unlike hydrogels prepared from natural components, synthetic hydrogels have the advantage of high reproducibility. Synthetic hydrogels offer greater flexibility in terms of chemical composition and mechanical properties, which can be adapted for specific applications by incorporating functional groups, and their transport properties can be modified by adjusting the length and density of polymer chains. Synthetic polymers have now become an important alternative in the preparation of hydrogel scaffolds, as they can be molecularly adjusted, taking into account the structure, molecular weight, mechanical strength, and biodegradability. The present article provides basic information about hydrogels, describes their structure and classification, and discusses the main synthetic components for hydrogel compositions and ways to use them.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.