vuzbiochemiИзвестия вузов. Прикладная химия и биотехнологияProceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology2227-29252500-1558ИРНИТУ10.21285/achb.991UNUPYQvuzbiochemi-1516Research ArticleФИЗИКО-ХИМИЧЕСКАЯ БИОЛОГИЯPHYSICOCHEMICAL BIOLOGYЭкстракт из отработанного соломенного субстрата вешенки – состав, регуляторная и протекторная активность в отношении прорастающих семян пшеницыExtract from spent oyster mushroom substrate: Composition, and regulatory and protective activity on germinating wheat seedshttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7774-6968ТарасовС. С.TarasovS. S.

Тарасов Сергей Сергеевич, старший преподаватель

603107, г. Нижний Новгород, пр. Гагарина, 97

Sergei S. Tarasov, Senior Lecturer

97, Gagarin Ave., Nizhny Novgorod, 603107

tarasov_ss@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4320-8410МихалевЕ. В.MikhalevE. V.

Михалев Евгений Васильевич, к.с.-х.н., доцент

603107, г. Нижний Новгород, пр. Гагарина, 97

Evgeny V. Mikhalev, Cand. Sci. (Agriculture), Associate Professor

97, Gagarin Ave., Nizhny Novgorod, 603107

zajakyn1898@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0456-7923КрутоваЕ. К.KrutovaE. K.

Крутова Елена Константиновна, к.б.н., доцент, заведующий кафедрой

603107, г. Нижний Новгород, пр. Гагарина, 97

Elena K. Krutova, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Associate Professor, Head of the Department

97, Gagarin Ave., Nizhny Novgorod, 603107

elena.krutova@mail.ruНижегородский государственный агротехнологический университетРоссияNizhny Novgorod State Agrotechnological UniversityRussian Federation202507102025153357369Copyright © Тарасов С.С., Михалев Е.В., Крутова Е.К., 20252025Тарасов С.С., Михалев Е.В., Крутова Е.К.Tarasov S.S., Mikhalev E.V., Krutova E.K.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vuzbiochemi.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1516

Целью проведенного исследования являлось изучение биохимического состава экстракта из отработанного соломенного субстрата вешенки обыкновенной штамма HK-35 (далее – экстракт), а также его регуляторных и протекторных свойств. В составе экстракта выявлено содержание основных органоминеральных компонентов, в том числе массовая доля сухого вещества составила около 2%, из них органическое вещество занимало более 1,5%, зола – менее 0,5%. рН экстракта был слабощелочным. Основными органическими компонентами являлись белки, углеводы (преимущественно редуцирующие сахара) и гуминовые вещества. Калий, кальций и фосфор были наиболее представленными химическими элементами в составе золы. Применение 10%-го экстракта усиливало прорастание семян пшеницы, а использование 100%-го экстракта, напротив, ингибировало их прорастание. Применение 10%-го экстракта усиливало активность супероксиддисмутазы и экспрессию одного из генов SOD-1, не влияло на активность каталазы и содержание транскриптов исследованных генов CAT и POD, но подавляло активность пероксидазы. Культивирование семян с применением 100%-го экстракта не повлияло на активность супероксиддисмутазы, каталазы и содержание транскриптов исследованных генов, но подавляло активность пероксидазы и экспрессию изученного гена POD. В условиях культуры на питательных средах с добавлением 10%-го экстракта масса мицелия Aspergillus niger была меньше более чем в 6 раз, а радиус колоний уменьшался почти в 8 раз. У Alternaria alternata масса была меньше более чем в 7 раз, а радиус колонии был меньше почти в 15 раз относительно контроля.

This study examines the biochemical composition of an aqueous extract from the spent mushroom substrate of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus strain HK-35) and investigates its regulatory and protective properties. The major organomineral components of the extract included approximately 2% dry matter, comprising over 1.5% organic matter and less than 0.5% ash. The extract had a mildly alkaline pH. Primary organic components included proteins, carbohydrates (predominantly reducing sugars), and humic substances, with potassium, calcium, and phosphorus being the most abundant elements. In germination assays, a 10% extract enhanced wheat seed germination, whereas a 100% extract inhibited it. The 10% extract also enhanced superoxide dismutase activity and the expression of the SOD-1 gene and suppressed peroxidase activity. This treatment had no effect on catalase activity or the transcript levels of the studied CAT and POD genes. In contrast, the 100% extract suppressed peroxidase activity and gene expression; however, it had no effect on superoxide dismutase or catalase activity or their related gene transcripts. In antifungal assays, the 10% extract significantly inhibited the growth of phytopathogens in vitro. The mycelial mass of Aspergillus niger was reduced by more than 6-fold and its colony radius by almost 8-fold, while for Alternaria alternata, mass was reduced by more than 7-fold and colony radius by approximately 15-fold, compared to the control.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.