vuzbiochemiИзвестия вузов. Прикладная химия и биотехнологияProceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology2227-29252500-1558ИРНИТУ10.21285/achb.997IUCBBEvuzbiochemi-1524Research ArticleХИМИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИCHEMICAL SCIENCESЭтилендиаминтетраацетатные электролиты для получения покрытий сурьмойEDTA electrolytes for the deposition of antimony coatingshttps://orcid.org/0009-0005-5457-8646АфонинЕ. Г.AfoninE. G.

Афонин Евгений Геннадиевич, к.х.н., старший научный сотрудник

248000, г. Калуга, ул. Карла Маркса, 4

Evgeniy G. Afonin, Cand. Sci. (Chemistry), Senior Researcher

4, Кarl Marx St., Kaluga, 248000

afonineg.chem@gmail.comКалужский научно-исследовательский институт телемеханических устройствРоссияKaluga Research Institute of Telemechanical DevicesRussian Federation202507102025153294304Copyright © Афонин Е.Г., 20252025Афонин Е.Г.Afonin E.G.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vuzbiochemi.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1524

Покрытия сурьмой недороги и используются вместо олова при производстве печатных плат, для замены токсичного кадмия с целью защиты стальных деталей от коррозии в морских условиях, для получения защитно-декоративных покрытий с высокой отражательной способностью, для создания различных контактов в полупроводниковых изделиях, при производстве литий-ионных батарей, а также в других целях. В статье рассмотрены известные из научно-технической и патентной литературы составы и некоторые технологические характеристики водных растворов для электрохимического и химического (с помощью восстановителя) получения покрытий сурьмой, содержащих этилендиаминтетраацетат-ион [(OOCCH2)2NCH2CH2N(CH2COO)2]4-  в качестве лиганда для связывания сурьмы(+3) в комплексы. Этилендиаминтетраацетатные электролиты отличаются высокой рассеивающей способностью и дают возможность получать качественные блестящие коррозионностойкие покрытия сурьмой. Например, из электролита с pH 0,5–0,7, содержащего 50–70 г/дм3 трихлорида сурьмы, 20–30 г/дм3 дигидрата этилендиаминтетраацетата(2-) натрия, 3,5–4,5 г/дм3 добавки ОП-10, 1,5–2,5 г/дм3 добавки выравниватель А, при температуре 18–25 °С, катодной плотности тока 1,5–5,0 А/дм2 с выходом по току 97,6–100,0% со скоростью 18,0–19,2 мкм/ч получают светлые серебристые блестящие довольно твердые коррозионностойкие покрытия сурьмой с дефектной ромбоэдрической структурой толщиной до 100 мкм; рассеивающая способность электролита составляет 76–81%. Этилендиаминтетраацетатные электролиты сурьмирования характеризуются сравнительно низкой токсичностью. В обзоре также представлены литературные данные о комплексообразовании сурьмы(+3) с этилендиаминтетраацетат-ионом в водном растворе и о структурах кристаллических этилендиаминтетраацетатов сурьмы(+3).

Antimony coatings serve as a cost-effective alternative to tin in manufacturing printed circuit boards, a replacement for toxic cadmium in protecting steel components from marine corrosion, and a means of producing protective-decorative coatings with high reflectivity. These coatings also find application in semiconductor contacts, lithium-ion battery production, and other applications. This review examines the compositions and key process characteristics of aqueous solutions used for the electrochemical and electroless deposition of antimony coatings. These compositions contain the EDTA ion [(OOCCH2)2NCH2CH2N(CH2COO)2]4-, which functions as a ligand, thereby binding antimony(+3) into complexes. EDTA-based electrolytes are characterized by high throwing power and their ability to yield high-quality, bright, and corrosion-resistant antimony coatings. A typical formulation, for instance, operates at a pH of 0.5–0.7 and contains 50–70 g/dm3 antimony trichloride, 20–30 g/dm3 disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate dihydrate, 3.5–4.5 g/dm3 of OP-10 additive, and 1.5–2.5 g/dm3 of leveling agent A. Under operating conditions of 18–25 °C and a cathode current density of 1.5–5.0 A/dm2, these electrolytes yield light, silvery, bright, and relatively hard coatings. The deposition process is carried out with a current efficiency of 97.6–100.0% and a rate of 18.0–19.2 µm/h. The obtained coatings, with a thickness of up to 100 µm, possess a defective rhombohedral structure. The throwing power of the electrolyte under these conditions is 76–81%. A further advantage of these electrolytes is their relatively low toxicity. In addition, the review summarizes literature data on the complex formation of antimony(+3) with the EDTA ion in aqueous solution and on the structures of crystalline antimony(+3) ethylenediaminetetraacetates.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.