vuzbiochemiИзвестия вузов. Прикладная химия и биотехнологияProceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology2227-29252500-1558ИРНИТУ10.21285/achb.1004AEBKRQvuzbiochemi-1551Research ArticleФИЗИКО-ХИМИЧЕСКАЯ БИОЛОГИЯPHYSICOCHEMICAL BIOLOGYБиотехнологический потенциал холодоактивных ферментов в промышленности: обзор последних достиженийBiotechnological potential of cold-active enzymes in industry: A review of recent progresshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0630-7658БеловаД. Д.BelovaD. D.

Белова Дарья Дмитриевна, к.т.н., старший научный сотрудник

191014, г. Санкт-Петербург, Литейный проспект, 55

Daria D. Belova, Cand. Sci. (Engineering), Senior Researcher

55, Liteiny Ave., Saint Petersburg, 191014

antonina-daria@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4208-9299ШароваН. Ю.SharovaN. Yu.

Шарова Наталья Юрьевна, д.т.н., профессор РАН, заместитель директора по научной работе

191014, г. Санкт-Петербург, Литейный проспект, 55

Natalya Yu. Sharova, Dr. Sci. (Engineering), Professor of the Russian Academy of Science, Deputy Director for Research

55, Liteiny Ave., Saint Petersburg, 191014

natalya_sharova1@mail.ruВсероссийский научно-исследовательский институт пищевых добавок – филиал Федерального научного центра пищевых систем им. В.М. Горбатова РАНРоссияAll-Russian Research Institute of Food Additives – a branch of the Federal Scientific Center for Food Systems named after V.M. Gorbatov, Russian Academy of ScienceRussian Federation202525112025154465475Copyright © Белова Д.Д., Шарова Н.Ю., 20252025Белова Д.Д., Шарова Н.Ю.Belova D.D., Sharova N.Y.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vuzbiochemi.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1551

Психрофильные/психротрофные микроорганизмы широко распространены по всему миру и встречаются в глубинах морей, озер и океанов, ледниках, полярных регионах, льдах Арктики, вершинах горных массивов, пещерах. Они способны выживать в холодном климате и экспрессируют адаптированные к холоду ферменты, наделенные уникальными каталитическими свойствами по сравнению с их мезофильными и термофильными аналогами. Холодоактивные ферменты обладают более высокой каталитической активностью при низких температурах, термолабильностью и структурной гибкостью активных центров. Благодаря данным характеристикам эти ферменты становятся все более привлекательными для промышленного применения, поскольку они могут снизить энергетические затраты на проведение реакции, сократить количество побочных реакций и достаточно просто инактивируются. Кроме того, повышенная структурная гибкость может привести к широкой субстратной специфичности, что расширяет сферу их применения. Из-за относительной простоты крупномасштабного производства по сравнению с ферментами растительного и животного происхождения коммерческое использование микробных ферментов становится все более привлекательным. Рынок ферментов стремительно развивается. Холодоактивные ферменты могут использоваться в различных биотехнологических и промышленных процессах, включая молекулярную биологию, биотрансформацию, производство моющих средств, продуктов питания и напитков, текстильную промышленность, очистку сточных вод, производство биоцеллюлозы, биоремедиацию окружающей среды в холодном климате и др. Генетически модифицированные штаммы, продуцирующие определенные виды холодоактивных ферментов, представляют особый интерес для различных биотехнологических процессов. В данной статье представлен обзор нескольких последних работ в области получения холодоактивных ферментов микробного происхождения и их применения.

Psychrophilic and psychrotrophic microorganisms are widespread throughout the world and found in the depths of seas, lakes, and oceans, as well as in glaciers, polar regions, Arctic ice, caves, and on mountain peaks. Unlike their mesophilic and thermophilic counterparts, these microorganisms can survive in cold climates by expressing cold-adapted enzymes that have unique catalytic properties. Cold-active enzymes exhibit higher catalytic activity at low temperatures, structural flexibility of active sites, and thermolability. Due to the specified characteristics, these enzymes are becoming increasingly attractive for industrial use, as they can lower the energy costs of the reaction, decrease the number of side reactions, and are relatively easy to inactivate. In addition, increased structural flexibility can lead to broad substrate specificity, which expands their scope of application. Due to the relative simplicity of large-scale production (as compared to that of plant and animal enzymes), microbial enzymes are becoming increasingly attractive for commercial use, which contributes to the rapid development of the enzyme market. Cold-active enzymes can be used in various biotechnological and industrial processes: molecular biology, biotransformation, detergent production, food and beverage production, the textile industry, wastewater treatment, biocellulose production, environmental bioremediation in cold climates, etc. Of particular interest for various biotechnological processes are genetically modified strains producing certain types of cold-active enzymes. This article provides a review of several recent studies on the production of cold-active microbial enzymes and their application.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.