<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vuzbiochemi</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия вузов. Прикладная химия и биотехнология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2227-2925</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-1558</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ИРНИТУ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21285/achb.1016</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">TSJHGO</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vuzbiochemi-1603</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЗИКО-ХИМИЧЕСКАЯ БИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHYSICOCHEMICAL BIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Гибридные материалы на основе полиметилметакрилата и природных биополимеров как основа для повышения качества костных цементов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hybrid materials based on polymethyl methacrylate and natural biopolymers for improving the performance of bone cements</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5791-4917</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Копицын</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kopitsyn</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Копицын Дмитрий Сергеевич, к.т.н., ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>119991, г. Москва, пр. Ленинский, 65, корп. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmiry S. Kopitsyn, Cand. Sci. (Engineering), Senior Researcher</p><p>65, Leninsky Ave., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kopicin.d@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1276-5484</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Оболенский</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Obolensky</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Оболенский Владимир Николаевич, к.м.н., доцент; заведующий Центром гнойной хирургии</p><p>117513, г. Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1, стр. 6;</p><p>115280, г. Москва, ул. Велозаводская, 1/1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir N. Obolenskiy, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor; Head of Septic Surgery</p><p>Bld. 6, 1, Ostrovityanova St., Moscow, 117513;</p><p>1/1, Velozavodskaya St., Moscow, 115280</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gkb13@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3001-0501</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Доронина</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Doronina</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доронина Оксана Александровна, к.б.н., исполняющий обязанности директора инжинирингового центра</p><p>117513, г. Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1, стр. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oksana A. Doronina, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Acting Head of the Engineering Center</p><p>Bld. 6, 1 Ostrovityanova St., Moscow, 117513</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">doronina-oa@rsmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Римашевский</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rimashevsky</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Римашевский Денис Владимирович, к.м.н., доцент</p><p>117198, г. Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Denis V. Rimashevskiy, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor</p><p>6, Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow, 117198</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rimashevskiy-dv@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4943-3440</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Оснач</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Osnach</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Оснач Станислав Александрович, врач-травматолог, Центр хирургии стопы</p><p>115487, г. Москва, Коломенский проезд, 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Stanislav A. Osnach, Traumatologist, Center for Foot Surgery</p><p>4, Kolomenskiy Proesd, Moscow, 115487</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">stas-osnach@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5184-5871</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тоузаков</surname><given-names>Ф. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Touzakov</surname><given-names>F. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тоузаков Филипп Сергеевич, инженер-исследователь</p><p>119991, г. Москва, пр. Ленинский, 65, корп. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Filipp S. Touzakov, Research Engineer</p><p>65, Leninsky Ave., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">filipptouzakov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4933-6360</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кичесов</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kichesov</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кичесов Михаил Сергеевич, инженер-исследователь</p><p>119991, г. Москва, пр. Ленинский, 65, корп. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mihail S. Kichesov, Research Engineer</p><p>65, Leninsky Ave., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mihail.kichesov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0570-6577</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Винокуров</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vinokurov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Винокуров Владимир Арнольдович, д.х.н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой</p><p>119991, г. Москва, пр. Ленинский, 65, корп. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir A. Vinokurov, Dr. Sci. (Chemistry), Professor, Head of the Department</p><p>65, Leninsky Ave., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vladimir@vinokurov.me</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский государственный университет нефти и газа (национальный исследовательский университет) имени И.М. Губкина</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National University of Oil and Gas “Gubkin University”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова; Городская клиническая больница имени В.П. Демихова Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University; V.P. Demikhov City Clinical Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>RUDN University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Городская клиническая больница имени С.С. Юдина Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>S.S. Yudin City Clinical Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>61</fpage><lpage>71</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Копицын Д.С., Оболенский В.Н., Доронина О.А., Римашевский Д.В., Оснач С.А., Тоузаков Ф.С., Кичесов М.С., Винокуров В.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Копицын Д.С., Оболенский В.Н., Доронина О.А., Римашевский Д.В., Оснач С.А., Тоузаков Ф.С., Кичесов М.С., Винокуров В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kopitsyn D.S., Obolensky V.N., Doronina O.A., Rimashevsky D.V., Osnach S.A., Touzakov F.S., Kichesov M.S., Vinokurov V.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vuzbiochemi.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1603">https://vuzbiochemi.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1603</self-uri><abstract><p>Одним из наиболее распространенных и востребованных материалов для костной хирургии на сегодняшний день остается костный цемент на основе полиметилметакрилата. Основные направления научных изысканий сосредоточены на создании цементов нового поколения, обладающих комплексом улучшенных свойств, таких как снижение экзотермического эффекта при отверждении, повышение биосовместимости, возможность регулирования механических параметров медицинского изделия, продление срока службы имплантатов. Одним из наиболее перспективных вариантов достижения улучшенных функциональных свойств костных цементов является разработка нанокомпозитных систем с применением биополимерных модификаторов. Целью проведенной работы являлось исследование способа создания композитного материала на основе полиметилметакрилата и биополимеров, позволяющего получать составы для акрилатных костных цементов с равномерным распределением наноцеллюлозы в объеме материала. Предложенный способ получения композитного материала основан на предварительной полимеризации метилметакрилата на волокнах целлюлозы с последующим использованием получаемого материала в качестве одного из компонентов костного цемента. Для полученных таким способом образцов исследован температурной профиль полимеризации, изучены механические свойства, проанализированы структура и морфология методом электронной микроскопии. Модификация костных цементов материалами на основе целлюлозы позволила увеличить длительность и повысить эффективность высвобождения антибиотика из состава модифицированного костного цемента. При этом разработанные материалы модифицированных костных цементов обладают сопоставимыми механическими свойствами по сравнению с классическими коммерческими составами.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Polymethyl methacrylate-based bone cements remain among the most widely used and demanded materials in bone surgery. Current research efforts are focused on the development of next-generation cements with a combination of improved properties, including reduced exothermic heat release during curing, enhanced biocompatibility, the possibility of tailoring the mechanical parameters of medical devices, and their extended service life. One of the most promising approaches to achieving improved functional performance of bone cements consists in the development of nanocomposite systems based on biopolymer modifiers. The aim of the present study was to investigate an approach to creating a composite material based on polymethyl methacrylate and biopolymers that enables the production of acrylic bone cement formulations with a uniform distribution of nanocellulose throughout the material bulk. The proposed synthesis approach is based on the preliminary polymerization of methyl methacrylate on cellulose fibers, followed by the use of the resulting material as a bone cement component. The as-obtained samples were subjected to electron microscopy analysis to examine their polymerization temperature profile, mechanical properties, as well as structural and morphological characteristics. Modification of bone cements with cellulose-based materials made it possible to extend the duration and enhance the process of antibiotic release from the modified bone cement matrix. In addition, the developed modified bone cement materials exhibit mechanical properties comparable to those of conventional commercial formulations.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>костные цементы</kwd><kwd>полиметилметакрилат</kwd><kwd>нанокристаллическая целлюлоза</kwd><kwd>карбоксилированная целлюлоза</kwd><kwd>микрокристаллическая целлюлоза</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bone cements</kwd><kwd>polymethyl methacrylate</kwd><kwd>nanocrystalline cellulose</kwd><kwd>carboxylated cellulose</kwd><kwd>microcrystalline cellulose</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Seesala V.S., Sheikh L., Basu B., Mukherjee S. Mechanical and bioactive properties of PMMA bone cement: a review. ACS Biomaterials Science &amp; Engineering. 2024;10(10):5939-5959. DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00779.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Seesala V.S., Sheikh L., Basu B., Mukherjee S. Mechanical and bioactive properties of PMMA bone cement: a review. ACS Biomaterials Science &amp; Engineering. 2024;10(10):5939-5959. DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00779.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Merajikhah A., Soleimani M. Bone cement and occupational hazards for healthcare providers and patients: a narrative review. Current Surgery Reports. 2024;12(8):252-259. DOI: 10.1007/s40137-024-00408-w.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Merajikhah A., Soleimani M. Bone cement and occupational hazards for healthcare providers and patients: a narrative review. Current Surgery Reports. 2024;12(8):252-259. DOI: 10.1007/s40137-024-00408-w.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stojkovic M., Milovanovic J., Vitkovic N., Trajanovic M., Grujovic N., Milivojevic V., et al. Reverse modeling and solid free-form fabrication of sternum implant. Austral-asian Physical &amp; Engineering Sciences in Medicine. 2010;33(3):243-250. DOI: 10.1007/s13246-010-0029-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stojkovic M., Milovanovic J., Vitkovic N., Trajanovic M., Grujovic N., Milivojevic V., et al. Reverse modeling and solid free-form fabrication of sternum implant. Austral-asian Physical &amp; Engineering Sciences in Medicine. 2010;33(3):243-250. DOI: 10.1007/s13246-010-0029-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Provenzano M.J., Murphy K.P.J., Riley L.H. Bone cements: review of their physiochemical and biochemical properties in percutaneous vertebroplasty. American Journal of Neuroradiology. 2004;25(7):1286-1290.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Provenzano M.J., Murphy K.P.J., Riley L.H. Bone cements: review of their physiochemical and biochemical properties in percutaneous vertebroplasty. American Journal of Neuroradiology. 2004;25(7):1286-1290.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kuehn K.-D., Ege W., Gopp U. Acrylic bone cements: composition and properties. Orthopedic Clinics of North America. 2005;36(1):17-28. DOI: 10.1016j.ocl.2004.06.010.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuehn K.-D., Ege W., Gopp U. Acrylic bone cements: composition and properties. Orthopedic Clinics of North America. 2005;36(1):17-28. DOI: 10.1016j.ocl.2004.06.010.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lewis G. Properties of acrylic bone cement: state of the art review. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. 1997;38(2):155-182. DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4636(199722)38:2&lt;155::aid-jbm10&gt;3.0.co;2-c.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lewis G. Properties of acrylic bone cement: state of the art review. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. 1997;38(2):155-182. DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4636(199722)38:2&lt;155::aid-jbm10&gt;3.0.co;2-c.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Magnan B., Bondi M., Maluta T., Samaila E., Schirru L., Dall’Oca C. Acrylic bone cement: current concept review. Musculoskeletal Surgery. 2013;97(2):93-100. DOI: 10.1007/s12306-013-0293-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Magnan B., Bondi M., Maluta T., Samaila E., Schirru L., Dall’Oca C. Acrylic bone cement: current concept review. Musculoskeletal Surgery. 2013;97(2):93-100. DOI: 10.1007/s12306-013-0293-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saleh K.J., El Othmani M.M., Tzeng T.H., Mihalko W.M., Chambers M.C., Grupp T.M. Acrylic bone cement in total joint arthroplasty: a review. Journal of Orthopaedic Research. 2016;34(5):737-744. DOI: 10.1002/jor.23184.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saleh K.J., El Othmani M.M., Tzeng T.H., Mihalko W.M., Chambers M.C., Grupp T.M. Acrylic bone cement in total joint arthroplasty: a review. Journal of Orthopaedic Research. 2016;34(5):737-744. DOI: 10.1002/jor.23184.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Balato G., Roscetto E., Vollaro A., Galasso O., Gasparini G., Ascione T., et al. Bacterial biofilm formation is variably inhibited by different formulations of antibiotic-loaded bone cement in vitro. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. 2019;27(6):1943-1952. DOI: 10.1007/s00167-018-5230-x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Balato G., Roscetto E., Vollaro A., Galasso O., Gasparini G., Ascione T., et al. Bacterial biofilm formation is variably inhibited by different formulations of antibiotic-loaded bone cement in vitro. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. 2019;27(6):1943-1952. DOI: 10.1007/s00167-018-5230-x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gao Z., Kan Y.-C., Xie Y.-H., Guo R., Li C., Xu Y., et al. A review on non-leaching antibacterial bone cement for orthopedic surgery: from past to current insights. AIP Advances. 2023;13(10):1-10. DOI: 10.20944/preprints202308.1315.v1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gao Z., Kan Y.-C., Xie Y.-H., Guo R., Li C., Xu Y., et al. A review on non-leaching antibacterial bone cement for orthopedic surgery: from past to current insights. AIP Advances. 2023;13(10):1-10. DOI: 10.20944/preprints202308.1315.v1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Opalko M., Bösebeck H., Vogt S. Properties and clinical application safety of antibiotic-loaded bone cement in kyphoplasty. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research. 2019;14(1):238. DOI: 10.1186/s13018-019-1200-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Opalko M., Bösebeck H., Vogt S. Properties and clinical application safety of antibiotic-loaded bone cement in kyphoplasty. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research. 2019;14(1):238. DOI: 10.1186/s13018-019-1200-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chang Y.H., Tai C.L., Hsu H.Y., Hsieh P.H., Lee M.S., Ueng S.W.N. Liquid antibiotics in bone cement. Bone &amp; Joint Research. 2014;3(8):246-251. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.38.2000305.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chang Y.H., Tai C.L., Hsu H.Y., Hsieh P.H., Lee M.S., Ueng S.W.N. Liquid antibiotics in bone cement. Bone &amp; Joint Research. 2014;3(8):246-251. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.38.2000305.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Van Mullem P.J., de Wijn J.R., Vaandrager J.M. Porous acrylic cement: evaluation of a novel implant material. Annals of Plastic Surgery. 1988;21(6):576-582. DOI: 10.1097/00000637-198812000-00015.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Van Mullem P.J., de Wijn J.R., Vaandrager J.M. Porous acrylic cement: evaluation of a novel implant material. Annals of Plastic Surgery. 1988;21(6):576-582. DOI: 10.1097/00000637-198812000-00015.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schreurs B.W., Spierings P.T., Huiskes R., Slooff T.J. Effects of preparation techniques on the porosity of acrylic cements. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica. 1988;59(4):403-409. DOI: 10.3109/17453678809149391.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schreurs B.W., Spierings P.T., Huiskes R., Slooff T.J. Effects of preparation techniques on the porosity of acrylic cements. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica. 1988;59(4):403-409. DOI: 10.3109/17453678809149391.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bao L., Li X., Qi Y., Wang Z., Li J. PEG/SBA-15-containing acrylic bone cement with enhanced drug release. Chemical Engineering Science. 2020;215:115379. DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2019.115379.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bao L., Li X., Qi Y., Wang Z., Li J. PEG/SBA-15-containing acrylic bone cement with enhanced drug release. Chemical Engineering Science. 2020;215:115379. DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2019.115379.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chao B., Jiao J., Yang L., Wang Y., Yu T., Liu H., et al. Comprehensive evaluation and advanced modification of polymethylmethacrylate cement in bone tumor treatment. Journal of Materials Chemistry B. 2023;11(39):9369-9385. DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01494k.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chao B., Jiao J., Yang L., Wang Y., Yu T., Liu H., et al. Comprehensive evaluation and advanced modification of polymethylmethacrylate cement in bone tumor treatment. Journal of Materials Chemistry B. 2023;11(39):9369-9385. DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01494k.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rasyid H.N., van der Mei H.C., Frijlink H.W., Soegijoko S., van Horn J.R., Busscher H.J., et al. Concepts for increasing gentamicin release from handmade bone cement beads. Acta Orthopaedica. 2009;80(5):508-513. DOI: 10.3109/17453670903389782.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rasyid H.N., van der Mei H.C., Frijlink H.W., Soegijoko S., van Horn J.R., Busscher H.J., et al. Concepts for increasing gentamicin release from handmade bone cement beads. Acta Orthopaedica. 2009;80(5):508-513. DOI: 10.3109/17453670903389782.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kenny S.M., Buggy M. Bone cements and fillers: a review. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine. 2003;14(11):923-938. DOI: 10.1023/a:1026394530192.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kenny S.M., Buggy M. Bone cements and fillers: a review. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine. 2003;14(11):923-938. DOI: 10.1023/a:1026394530192.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee S.J., Yoo J.J., Atala A. Biomaterials and tissue engineering. In: Kim B.W. (ed.). Clinical Regenerative Medicine in Urology. Singapore: Springer; 2017, p. 17-51. DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-2723-9_2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee S.J., Yoo J.J., Atala A. Biomaterials and tissue engineering. In: Kim B.W. (ed.). Clinical Regenerative Medicine in Urology. Singapore: Springer; 2017, p. 17-51. DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-2723-9_2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Harper E.J. Bioactive bone cements. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine. 1998;212(2):113-120. DOI: 10.1243/0954411981533881.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Harper E.J. Bioactive bone cements. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine. 1998;212(2):113-120. DOI: 10.1243/0954411981533881.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Robu A., Antoniac A., Ciocoiu R., Grosu E., Rau J.V., Fosca M., et al. Effect of the Antimicrobial Agents Peppermint Essential Oil and Silver Nanoparticles on Bone Cement Properties. Biomimetics. 2022;7(3):137. DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics7030137.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Robu A., Antoniac A., Ciocoiu R., Grosu E., Rau J.V., Fosca M., et al. Effect of the Antimicrobial Agents Peppermint Essential Oil and Silver Nanoparticles on Bone Cement Properties. Biomimetics. 2022;7(3):137. DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics7030137.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Verné E., Bruno M., Miola M., Maina G., Bianco C., Cochis A., et al. Composite bone cements loaded with a bioactive and ferrimagnetic glass-ceramic: leaching, bioactivity and cytocompatibility. Materials Science and Engineering: C. 2015;53:95-103. DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.03.039.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Verné E., Bruno M., Miola M., Maina G., Bianco C., Cochis A., et al. Composite bone cements loaded with a bioactive and ferrimagnetic glass-ceramic: leaching, bioactivity and cytocompatibility. Materials Science and Engineering: C. 2015;53:95-103. DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.03.039.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wei W., Abdullayev E., Hollister A., Mills D., Lvov Y.M. Clay nanotube/poly(methyl methacrylate) bone cement composites with sustained antibiotic release. Macromolecular Materials and Engineering. 2012;297(7):645-653. DOI: 10.1002/mame.201100309.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wei W., Abdullayev E., Hollister A., Mills D., Lvov Y.M. Clay nanotube/poly(methyl methacrylate) bone cement composites with sustained antibiotic release. Macromolecular Materials and Engineering. 2012;297(7):645-653. DOI: 10.1002/mame.201100309.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zheng X., Wang Y., Liu J., Han J., Cui Z., Wu S., et al. Gelatin/gentamicin sulfate-modified PMMA bone cement with proper mechanical properties and high antibacterial ability. Materials Research Express. 2022;9(3):035405. DOI: 10.1088/2053-1591/ac5e1f.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zheng X., Wang Y., Liu J., Han J., Cui Z., Wu S., et al. Gelatin/gentamicin sulfate-modified PMMA bone cement with proper mechanical properties and high antibacterial ability. Materials Research Express. 2022;9(3):035405. DOI: 10.1088/2053-1591/ac5e1f.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen L., Tang Y., Zhao K., Zha X., Liu J., Bai H., et al. Fabrication of the antibiotic-releasing gelatin/PMMA bone cement. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces. 2019;183:110448. DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110448.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen L., Tang Y., Zhao K., Zha X., Liu J., Bai H., et al. Fabrication of the antibiotic-releasing gelatin/PMMA bone cement. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces. 2019;183:110448. DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110448.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Azuara G., García-García J., Ibarra B., Parra-Ruiz F.J., Asúnsolo A., Ortega M.A., et al. Experimental study of the application of a new bone cement loaded with broad spectrum antibiotics for the treatment of bone infection. Revista Española de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología (English Edition). 2019;63(2):95-103. DOI: 10.1016/j.recot.2018.10.002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Azuara G., García-García J., Ibarra B., Parra-Ruiz F.J., Asúnsolo A., Ortega M.A., et al. Experimental study of the application of a new bone cement loaded with broad spectrum antibiotics for the treatment of bone infection. Revista Española de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología (English Edition). 2019;63(2):95-103. DOI: 10.1016/j.recot.2018.10.002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang Q., Dong J.-F., Fang X., Chen Y. Application and modification of bone cement in vertebroplasty: a literature review. Joint Diseases and Related Surgery. 2022;33(2):467-478. DOI: 10.52312/jdrs.2022.628.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang Q., Dong J.-F., Fang X., Chen Y. Application and modification of bone cement in vertebroplasty: a literature review. Joint Diseases and Related Surgery. 2022;33(2):467-478. DOI: 10.52312/jdrs.2022.628.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ghasemi F. Jahani A., Moradi A., Ebrahimzadeh M.H., Jirofti N. Different modification methods of poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement for orthopedic surgery applications. Archives of Bone and Joint Surgery. 2023;11(8):485-492. DOI: 10.22038/ABJS.2023.71289.3330.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ghasemi F. Jahani A., Moradi A., Ebrahimzadeh M.H., Jirofti N. Different modification methods of poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement for orthopedic surgery applications. Archives of Bone and Joint Surgery. 2023;11(8):485-492. DOI: 10.22038/ABJS.2023.71289.3330.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cherednichenko K., Sayfutdinova A., Rimashevskiy D., Malik B., Panchenko A., Kopitsyna M., et al. Composite bone cements with enhanced drug elution. Polymers. 2023;15(18):3757. DOI: 10.3390/polym15183757.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cherednichenko K., Sayfutdinova A., Rimashevskiy D., Malik B., Panchenko A., Kopitsyna M., et al. Composite bone cements with enhanced drug elution. Polymers. 2023;15(18):3757. DOI: 10.3390/polym15183757.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang Z., Nogueira L.P., Haugen H.J., Van Der Geest I.C., de Almeida Rodrigues P.C., Janssen D., et al. Dual-functional porous and cisplatin-loaded polymethylmethacrylate cement for reconstruction of load-bearing bone defect kills bone tumor cells. Bioactive Materials. 2022;15:120-130. DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.12.023.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang Z., Nogueira L.P., Haugen H.J., Van Der Geest I.C., de Almeida Rodrigues P.C., Janssen D., et al. Dual-functional porous and cisplatin-loaded polymethylmethacrylate cement for reconstruction of load-bearing bone defect kills bone tumor cells. Bioactive Materials. 2022;15:120-130. DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.12.023.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Virto M.R., Frutos P., Torrado S., Frutos G. Gentamicin release from modified acrylic bone cements with lactose and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose. Biomaterials. 2003;24(1):79-87. DOI: 10.1016/s0142-9612(02)00254-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Virto M.R., Frutos P., Torrado S., Frutos G. Gentamicin release from modified acrylic bone cements with lactose and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose. Biomaterials. 2003;24(1):79-87. DOI: 10.1016/s0142-9612(02)00254-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
