<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vuzbiochemi</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия вузов. Прикладная химия и биотехнология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2227-2925</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-1558</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ИРНИТУ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21285/achb.1037</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">IFGRHK</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vuzbiochemi-1687</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЗИКО-ХИМИЧЕСКАЯ БИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHYSICOCHEMICAL BIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Аминокислотный состав и биологическая ценность ферментативно-гидролизованных белков горохового изолята и вторичного крахмало-белкового продукта</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Amino acid composition and biological value of enzymatically hydrolyzed pea protein isolate and a secondary starch-protein concentrate</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2171-0522</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куликов</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulikov</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Куликов Денис Сергеевич, к.т.н., старший научный сотрудник</p><p>142703, г. Видное, ул. Школьная, 78</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Denis S. Kulikov, Cand. Sci. (Engineering), Senior Researcher</p><p>78, Shkol’naya St., Vidnoe, 142703</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">d.kulikov@fncps.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3019-0648</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Буданов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Budanov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Буданов Андрей Вадимович, научный сотрудник</p><p>142703, г. Видное, ул. Школьная, 78</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey V. Budanov, Researcher</p><p>78, Shkol’naya St., Vidnoe, 142703</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.budanov@fncps.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7144-2522</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Королёв</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korolev</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Королёв Алексей Александрович, к.т.н., заведующий лабораторией</p><p>142703, г. Видное, ул. Школьная, 78</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey A. Korolev, Cand. Sci. (Engineering), Head of the Laboratory</p><p>78, Shkol’naya St., Vidnoe, 142703</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.korolev@fncps.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт технологии консервирования – филиал Федерального научного центра пищевых систем им. В.М. Горбатова РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Research Institute of Canning Technology – Branch of V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>210</fpage><lpage>217</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Куликов Д.С., Буданов А.В., Королёв А.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Куликов Д.С., Буданов А.В., Королёв А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kulikov D.S., Budanov A.V., Korolev A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vuzbiochemi.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1687">https://vuzbiochemi.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1687</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель проведенного исследования заключалась в изучении аминокислотного состава и биологической ценности белков горохового изолята и вторичного крахмало-белкового продукта, полученных биотехнологической экстракцией белков с использованием отечественных ферментных препаратов. Аминокислотный состав образцов определяли методом высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии с постколоночной дериватизацией нингидрином на анализаторе LC-20 Prominence (Shimadzu, Япония). Аминокислотный скор и биологическую ценность белков с учетом их усвояемости и аминокислотного скора (PDCAAS) рассчитывали по методике Продовольственной и сельскохозяйственной организации ООН и Всемирной организации здравоохранения 2011 года. Перевариваемость белков in vitro определяли по методу А.А. Покровского и И.Д. Ертанова. В ходе исследований установлено содержание в ферментативно-гидролизованном изоляте и вторичном крахмало-белковом продукте 17 аминокислот (без учета триптофана), включая 8 незаменимых. Сумма общих (884,65 мг/г) и незаменимых (327,74 мг/г) аминокислот ферментативно-гидролизованного изолята была выше в 4,52–4,66 раза по сравнению с гороховой мукой и на 9,83–16,39% выше относительно изолята, полученного традиционной щелочной экстракцией белков. Аминокислотный скор ферментативно-гидролизованного изолята составил 87–174%. Перевариваемость и биологическая ценность его белков (PDCAAS) составили 98,92% и 0,86 ед. соответственно, что на 5,64–7,50% выше аналогичных показателей гороховой муки и на 3,62–10,55% больше по сравнению с изолятом, экстрагированным щелочью. Белки крахмало-белкового продукта обладали наибольшим соотношением незаменимых аминокислот к их общему количеству (40,55%) с аминокислотным скором 112–197%, перевариваемостью 96,27% и биологической ценностью 1,00 ед., что доказывает их высокое качество. Полученные результаты могут быть полезны для разработки продуктов питания с повышенным содержанием биологически ценных растительных белков.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This study characterized the protein quality of pea protein isolate and the secondary starch-protein concentrate obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis using enzyme preparations developed in Russia. The amino acid composition of the samples was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with post-column ninhydrin derivatization on an LC-20 Prominence system (Shimadzu, Japan). Amino acid score and protein quality, expressed as the protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS), were calculated according to the Food and Agriculture Organization / World Health Organization guidelines (2011). In vitro protein digestibility was assessed using the method of A.A. Pokrovsky and I.D. Ertanov. Seventeen amino acids (tryptophan not accounted for), of which eight were essential, were identified in both the enzymatically hydrolyzed isolate and the secondary starch-protein concentrate. The total (884.65 mg/g) and essential (327.74 mg/g) amino acid contents of the hydrolyzed isolate were 4.52–4.66 times higher than those of pea flour and 9.83–16.39% higher than those of the isolate obtained by conventional alkaline extraction. The amino acid score of the hydrolyzed isolate ranged from 87% to 174%. Its digestibility and protein quality (PDCAAS) were 98.92% and 0.86, respectively, which is 5.64–7.50% higher than the corresponding values for pea flour and 3.62–10.55% higher than those for the alkaline-extracted isolate. Proteins of the starch-protein product exhibited the highest proportion of essential amino acids relative to total amino acids (40.55%), with an amino acid score of 112–197%, digestibility of 96.27%, and a protein quality value of 1.00, indicating high quality of the product. These findings support the development of food products enriched with high-quality plant proteins.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>горох</kwd><kwd>ферменты</kwd><kwd>изолят</kwd><kwd>крахмало-белковый продукт</kwd><kwd>аминокислотный состав</kwd><kwd>перевариваемость</kwd><kwd>биологическая ценность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pea</kwd><kwd>enzymes</kwd><kwd>isolate</kwd><kwd>starch-protein concentrate</kwd><kwd>amino acid composition</kwd><kwd>digestibility</kwd><kwd>nutritional quality</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках темы научно-исследовательской работы № FGUS-2024-0006 государственного задания Федерального научного центра пищевых систем им. В.М. Горбатова РАН.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was prepared as part of research under state assignment no. FGUS-2024-0006 of the Federal Scientific Center for Food Systems named V.M. Gorbatov of Russian Academy of Sciences.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khodaei D., Noci F., Ryan L. Optimizing protein bars with whey protein isolate, pea protein isolate, and blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou) fish protein hydrolysate: a simplex-centroid mixture design study // Food Science and Nutrition. 2025. Vol. 13, no. 1. P. e4701. DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.4701.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khodaei D., Noci F., Ryan L. Optimizing protein bars with whey protein isolate, pea protein isolate, and blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou) fish protein hydrolysate: a simplex-centroid mixture design study. Food Science and Nutrition. 2025;13(1):e4701. DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.4701.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leiva-Castro B., Mamani-Benavente L., Elías-Peñafiel C., Comettant-Rabanal R., Silva-Paz R., Olivera-Montenegro L., et al. Andean pseudocereal flakes with added pea protein isolate and banana flour: evaluation of physical–chemical, microstructural, and sensory properties // Foods. 2025. Vol. 14, no. 4. P. 620. DOI: 10.3390/foods14040620.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leiva-Castro B., Mamani-Benavente L., Elías-Peñafiel C., Comettant-Rabanal R., Silva-Paz R., Olivera-Montenegro L., et al. Andean pseudocereal flakes with added pea protein isolate and banana flour: evaluation of physical–chemical, microstructural, and sensory properties. Foods. 2025;14(4):620. DOI: 10.3390/foods14040620.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Öztürk Z., Lille M., Rosa-Sibakov N., Sozer N. Impact of heat treatment and high moisture extrusion on the in vitro protein digestibility of sunflower and pea protein ingredients // LWT. 2024. Vol. 214. P. 117133. DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2024.117133.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Öztürk Z., Lille M., Rosa-Sibakov N., Sozer N. Impact of heat treatment and high moisture extrusion on the in vitro protein digestibility of sunflower and pea protein ingredients. LWT. 2024;214:117133. DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2024.117133.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wójcik M., Różyło R., Schönlechner R., Berger M.V. Physico-chemical properties of an innovative gluten-free, low-carbohydrate and high protein-bread enriched with pea protein powder // Scientific Reports. 2021. Vol. 11. P. 14498. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93834-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wójcik M., Różyło R., Schönlechner R., Berger M.V. Physico-chemical properties of an innovative gluten-free, low-carbohydrate and high protein-bread enriched with pea protein powder. Scientific Reports. 2021;11:14498. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93834-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Linares-García L., Repo-Carrasco-Valencia R., Glorio Paulet P., Schoenlechner R. Development of gluten-free and egg-free pasta based on quinoa (Chenopdium quinoa Willd) with addition of lupine flour, vegetable proteins and the oxidizing enzyme POx // European Food Research and Technology. 2019. Vol. 245. P. 2147–2156. DOI: 10.1007/s00217-019-03320-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Linares-García L., Repo-Carrasco-Valencia R., Glorio Paulet P., Schoenlechner R. Development of gluten-free and egg-free pasta based on quinoa (Chenopdium quinoa Willd) with addition of lupine flour, vegetable proteins and the oxidizing enzyme Pox. European Food Research and Technology. 2019;245:2147-2156. DOI: 10.1007/s00217-019-03320-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Assad Bustillos M., Jonchère C., Garnier C., Réguerre A.L., Della Valle G. Rheological and microstructural characterization of batters and sponge cakes fortified with pea proteins // Food Hydrocolloids. 2020. Vol. 101. P. 105553. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.105553.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Assad Bustillos M., Jonchère C., Garnier C., Réguerre A.L., Della Valle G. Rheological and microstructural characterization of batters and sponge cakes fortified with pea proteins. Food Hydrocolloids. 2020;101:105553. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.105553.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kamani M.H., Meera M.S., Bhaskar N., Modi V.K. Partial and total replacement of meat by plant-based proteins in chicken sausage: evaluation of mechanical, physico-chemical and sensory characteristics // Journal of Food Science and Technology. 2019. Vol. 56. P. 2660–2669. DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-03754-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kamani M.H., Meera M.S., Bhaskar N., Modi V.K. Partial and total replacement of meat by plant-based proteins in chicken sausage: evaluation of mechanical, physico-chemical and sensory characteristics. Journal of Food Science and Technology. 2019;56:2660-2669. DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-03754-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hanley L., Dobson S., Stobbs J., Marangoni A. Physicochemical and functional characterization of plant protein isolates and their influence on plant-based mozzarella cheese performance // Food Hydrocolloids. 2025. Vol. 164. P. 111222. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2025.111222.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hanley L., Dobson S., Stobbs J., Marangoni A. Physicochemical and functional characterization of plant protein isolates and their influence on plant-based mozzarella cheese performance. Food Hydrocolloids. 2025;164:111222. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2025.111222.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lam A.C.Y., Can Karaca A., Tyler R.T., Nickerson M.T. Pea protein isolates: Structure, extraction, and functionality // Food Reviews International. 2018. Vol. 34, no. 2. P. 126–147. DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2016.1242135.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lam A.C.Y., Can Karaca A., Tyler R.T., Nickerson M.T. Pea protein isolates: Structure, extraction, and functionality. Food Reviews International. 2018;34(2):126-147. DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2016.1242135.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Колпакова В.В., Уланова Р.В., Куликов Д.С., Гулакова В.А., Семенов Г.В., Шевякова Л.В. Показатели качества гороховых и нутовых белковых концентратов // Техника и технология пищевых производств. 2022. Т. 52. N 4. С. 650–664. DOI: 10.21603/2074-9414-2022-4-2394. EDN: OACVSR.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kolpakova V.V., Ulanova R.V., Kulikov D.S., Gulakova V.A., Semenov G.V., Shevjakova L.V. Pea and chickpea protein concentrates: quality indicators. Food Processing: Techniques and Technology. 2022;52(4):649-664. (In Russian) DOI: 10.21603/2074-9414-2022-4-2394. EDN: OACVSR.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ma K.K., Greis M., Lu J., Nolden A.A., McClements D.J., Kinchla A.J. Functional performance of plant proteins // Foods. 2022. Vol. 11, no. 4. P. 594. DOI: 10.3390/foods11040594.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ma K.K., Greis M., Lu J., Nolden A.A., McClements D.J., Kinchla A.J. Functional performance of plant proteins. Foods. 2022;11(4):594. DOI: 10.3390/foods11040594.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shevkani K., Singh N., Chen Y., Kaur A., Yu L. Pulse proteins: secondary structure, functionality and applications // Journal of Food Science and Technology. 2019. Vol. 56. P. 2787–2798. DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-03723-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shevkani K., Singh N., Chen Y., Kaur A., Yu L. Pulse proteins: secondary structure, functionality and applications. Journal of Food Science and Technology. 2019;56:2787-2798. DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-03723-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nasrabadi M.N., Doost A.S., Mezzenga R. Modification approaches of plant-based proteins to improve their techno-functionality and use in food products // Food Hydrocolloids. 2021. Vol. 118. P. 106789. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.106789.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nasrabadi M.N., Doost A.S., Mezzenga R. Modification approaches of plant-based proteins to improve their techno-functionality and use in food products. Food Hydrocolloids. 2021;118:106789. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.106789.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lu Z.X., He J.F., Zhang Y.C., Bing D.J. Composition, physicochemical properties of pea protein and its application in functional foods // Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 2020. Vol. 60, no. 15. P. 2593–2605. DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1651248.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lu Z.X., He J.F., Zhang Y.C., Bing D.J. Composition, physicochemical properties of pea protein and its application in functional foods. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 2020;60(15):2593-2605. DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1651248.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Куликов Д.С., Королев А.А. Аспекты ферментативной модификации растительных белков // Пищевые системы. 2025. T. 8. N 1. С. 22–28. DOI: 10.21323/2618-9771-2025-8-1-22-28. EDN: FFBYAA.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kulikov D.S., Korolev A.A. Aspects of enzymatic modification of plant proteins. Food Systems. 2025;8(1):22-28. (In Russian). DOI: 10.21323/2618-9771-2025-8-1-22-28. EDN: FFBYAA.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kravchenko I.V., Furalyov V.A., Kostyleva E.V., Sereda A.S., Kurbatova E.I., Tsurikova N.V., et al. Effect of different classes of proteases on the techno-functional properties of pea protein isolates // Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology. 2024. Vol. 60. P. 106–117. DOI: 10.1134/S0003683824010083.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kravchenko I.V., Furalyov V.A., Kostyleva E.V., Sereda A.S., Kurbatova E.I., Tsurikova N.V., et al. Effect of different classes of proteases on the techno-functional properties of pea protein isolates. Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology. 2024;60:106-117. DOI: 10.1134/S0003683824010083.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kravchenko I.V., Furalyov V.A., Pshennikova E.S., Kostyleva E.V., Sereda A.S., Kurbatova E.I., et al. The effect of various domestically produced proteolytic enzyme preparations on the organoleptic properties of pea protein isolates // Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology. 2024. Vol. 60. P. 656–662. DOI: 10.1134/S0003683824604335.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kravchenko I.V., Furalyov V.A., Pshennikova E.S., Kostyleva E.V., Sereda A.S., Kurbatova E.I., et al. The effect of various domestically produced proteolytic enzyme preparations on the organoleptic properties of pea protein isolates. Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology. 2024;60:656-662. DOI: 10.1134/S0003683824604335.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Санжеев А.П., Николаев С.И., Корнилова Е.В., Михина А.А., Севко Д.А. Существующие проблемы и пути их решения при анализе аминокислотного состава продукта // Известия Нижневолжского агроуниверситетского комплекса: наука и высшее профессиональное образование. 2018. N 3. С. 258–263. EDN: YQTCXJ.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sanjeev A.P., Nikolaev S.I., Kornilova E.V., Mikhina A.A., Sevko D.A. Existing problems and ways of their solution in the analysis of amino acid composition. Izvestia of the Lower Volga Agro-University Complex. 2018;3:258-263. (In Russian). EDN: YQTCXJ.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Покровский А.А., Ертанов И.Д. Атакуемость белков пищевых продуктов // Вопросы питания. 1965. N 3. С. 38–44.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pokrovsky A.A., Ertanov I.D. Attackability of food proteins. Voprosi pitaniya. 1965;3:38-44. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лысиков Ю.А. Аминокислоты в питании человека // Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология. 2012. N 2. С. 88–105. EDN: TBJPRX.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lysikov Yu.A. Amino acids in human nutrition. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2012;2:88-105. (In Russian). EDN: TBJPRX.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hoffman J.R., Falvo M.J. Protein – which is best? // Journal of Sports Science and Medicine. 2004. Vol. 3, no. 3. P. 118–130.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hoffman J.R., Falvo M.J. Protein – which is best? Journal of Sports Science and Medicine. 2004;3(3):118-130.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
