vuzbiochemiИзвестия вузов. Прикладная химия и биотехнологияProceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology2227-29252500-1558ИРНИТУ10.21285/2227-2925-2019-9-3-461-476vuzbiochemi-218Research ArticleФИЗИКО-ХИМИЧЕСКАЯ И ОБЩАЯ БИОЛОГИЯPHYSICOCHEMICAL AND GENERAL BIOLOGYФизиологические эффекты действия на растения фунгицидов триазольной природыPhysiological effects of triazole fungicides in plantsПобежимоваТ. П.PobezhimovaT. P.

д.б.н., доцент, главный научный сотрудник,

Иркутск

Dr. Sci. (Biology), Associate Professor, Principal research scientist,

Irkutsk

pobezhimova@sifibr.irk.ruКорсуковаА. В.KorsukovaA. V.

к.б.н., ведущий инженер, 

Иркутск

Ph. D. Sci. (Biology), leading engineer,

Irkutsk

avkorsukova@gmail.comДорофеевН. В.DorofeevN. V.

к.б.н., зам. директора по прикладной и инновационной работе, 

Иркутск

Ph. D. Sci. (Biology), Vice-Director,

Irkutsk

nicdoro@gmail.ruГрабельныхО. И.GrabelnychO. I.

д.б.н., доцент, главный научный сотрудник;

профессор,

Иркутск

Dr. Sci. (Biology), Associate Professor, Principal research scientist;

Professor,

Irkutsk

grolga@sifibr.irk.ruСибирский институт физиологии и биохимии растений СО РАНРоссияSiberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry SBRASRussian FederationСибирский институт физиологии и биохимии растений СО РАН; Иркутский государственный университетРоссияSiberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry SBRAS; Irkutsk State UniversityRussian Federation20190710201993461476Copyright © Побежимова Т.П., Корсукова А.В., Дорофеев Н.В., Грабельных О.И., 20192019Побежимова Т.П., Корсукова А.В., Дорофеев Н.В., Грабельных О.И.Pobezhimova T.P., Korsukova A.V., Dorofeev N.V., Grabelnych O.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vuzbiochemi.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/218

Интегрированная защита растений от болезней, вредителей и сорняков – важнейший элемент технологии их возделывания. Современное растениеводство предполагает широкое использование фунгицидов, что важно не только для повышения продуктивности растений, но и для получения высококачественного урожая. Такие заболевания, как фузариоз колоса пшеницы, пыльная головня пшеницы и ржи, спорынья ржи и другие при значительном распространении не только снижают продуктивность посевов, но и не позволяют использовать урожай зерна в пищевых или кормовых целях. Кроме защиты растений большое значение в технологии возделывания приобретают мероприятия, направленные на управление посевами. Это обеспечивается различными технологическими приемами, включая применение разнообразных химических веществ – стимуляторов и регуляторов роста и развития растений. Известно, что многие пестициды помимо своего основного целевого воздействия оказывают на растения дополнительные эффекты. Это выражается не только в различной степени фитотоксических проявлениях, но и в стимулирующих и рострегулирующих воздействиях. Знание о направленности этих воздействий позволит более грамотно применять химические средства защиты растений, получать положительный эффект и избегать их отрицательного действия. Многие современные крупные компании, работающие в области защиты растений, информируют аграриев о возможных дополнительных действиях препарата. Кроме практического применения изучение влияния физиологических эффектов препаратов способствует пониманию механизмов формирования стрессоустойчивости растений. В обзоре рассмотрены физиологические и биохимические эффекты действия на растения фунгицидных препаратов триазольной природы. Показано их ретардантное действие, способность увеличивать содержание фотосинтетических пигментов и сахаров, влияние на дыхание, изменение состава жирных кислот, повышение устойчивости растений к температурным стрессам, водному дефициту, хлоридному засолению и окислительному стрессу. В обзоре также приведены результаты собственных исследований авторов о действии тебуконазола и тебуконазол-содержащего протравителя на механизмы холодо- и морозоустойчивости злаков.

The integrated protection of plants from diseases, pests and weeds is an essential element of technologies for their cultivation. Contemporary crop research involves the widespread use of fungicides, which is important not only for increasing plant productivity, but also in order to obtain a high-quality crop. Under conditions of significant spread, diseases such as wheat fusarium head blight, loose smut of wheat and rye, rye spur and others not only reduce the productivity of crops, but also prevent the use of grain crops for human nutrition or animal feed purposes. In addition to plant protection, measures aimed at managing crops are of great importance in cultivation technology. This is ensured by various technological methods, including the use of a variety of chemicals, including stimulants and regulators of plant growth and development. In addition to their main target effect, many pesticides are known to cause additional effects on plants. This is expressed not only in varying degrees of phytotoxic manifestations, but also in stimulating and growth-regulating effects. Knowledge of the direction of these effects will allow for more competent application of chemical plant protection products, as well as for obtaining positive and avoiding negative effects. Many contemporary large companies working in the field of plant protection inform agrarians about possible additional effects of the preparation. In addition to practical application, studying the influence of the physiological effects of preparations helps agriculturalists to understand the formation mechanisms of plant resistance to stress. The review discusses the physiological and biochemical effects of triazole fungicidal preparations on plants. Their retardant effect, ability to increase the content of photosynthetic pigments and sugars, effects on respiration, changes in the composition of fatty acids, increased resistance of plants to temperature stresses, water deficiency, as well as chloride salinity and oxidative stress are also clarified. The review also includes the results of our own research on the effects of tebuconazole and tebuconazole-containing protectants on the mechanisms of cold and frost resistance of cereals.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.