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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vuzbiochemi</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия вузов. Прикладная химия и биотехнология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2227-2925</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-1558</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ИРНИТУ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21285/2227-2925-2019-9-3-477-488</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vuzbiochemi-219</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЗИКО-ХИМИЧЕСКАЯ И ОБЩАЯ БИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND GENERAL BIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Возможность оценки работоспособности активного ила очистных сооружений с помощью биотопливных элементов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Application of biofuel cells in state assessment of activated sludge from treatment plants</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стом</surname><given-names>Д. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stom</surname><given-names>D. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.б.н., профессор, заведующий лабораторией, Иркутск;</p><p>главный научный сотрудник, п. Листвянка, Иркутская обл.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Biology), Professor, Head of the Laboratory, Irkutsk;</p><p>Chief Researcher, Listvyanka, Irkutsk Region</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">stomd@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жданова</surname><given-names>Г. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhdanova</surname><given-names>G. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник,</p><p>Иркутск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher,</p><p>Irkutsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zhdanova86@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саксонов</surname><given-names>М. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Saksonov</surname><given-names>M. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., старший научный сотрудник,</p><p>Иркутск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D. (Biology), Senior Researcher,</p><p>Irkutsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">msaksonov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Барбора</surname><given-names>Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Barbora</surname><given-names>L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.н., технический специалист (I класс),</p><p> штат Ассам</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D., Technical Officer (Grade-I),</p><p>Assam</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lepakshib@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Се</surname><given-names>Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Xie</surname><given-names>B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.н., доцент,</p><p>г. Пекин</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D., Associate Professor,</p><p>Beijing</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">xiebeizhen@buaa.edu.cn</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горбунова</surname><given-names>Ю. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorbunova</surname><given-names>J. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>инженер-исследователь, Иркутск;</p><p>аспирант, п. Листвянка, Иркутская обл.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Research engineer, Irkutsk;</p><p>Postgraduate Student, Listvyanka, Irkutsk Region</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">iuliia_gorbunova_93@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фиалков</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fialkov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.г.н., ведущий научный сотрудник,</p><p>п. Листвянка, Иркутская обл.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D. (Geography), Leading Researcher, </p><p>Listvyanka, Irkutsk Region</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fva@isc.irc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Купчинский</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kupchinsky</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., вр.и.о. директора,</p><p>п. Листвянка, Иркутская обл.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D. (Biology), Acting Director,</p><p>Listvyanka, Irkutsk Region</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">albor67@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бешков</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Beschkov</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.н., профессор,</p><p>г. София</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D., Dr. Sci., Professor,</p><p>Sofia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vbeschkov@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Иркутский государственный университет;&#13;
Байкальский музей Иркутского научного центра</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Irkutsk State University;&#13;
Baikal Museum of the ISC</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Иркутский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Irkutsk State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Индийский институт технологий Гувахати</institution><country>Индия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati</institution><country>India</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Бэйханский университет</institution><country>Китай</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Beijing University</institution><country>China</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Байкальский музей Иркутского научного центра</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Baikal Museum of the ISC</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт инженерной химии Болгарской академии наук</institution><country>Болгария</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Chemical Engineering (IChE), Bulgarian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Bulgaria</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>10</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>477</fpage><lpage>488</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Стом Д.И., Жданова Г.О., Саксонов М.Н., Барбора Л., Се Б., Горбунова Ю.О., Фиалков В.А., Купчинский А.Б., Бешков В.Н., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Стом Д.И., Жданова Г.О., Саксонов М.Н., Барбора Л., Се Б., Горбунова Ю.О., Фиалков В.А., Купчинский А.Б., Бешков В.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Stom D.I., Zhdanova G.O., Saksonov M.N., Barbora L., Xie B., Gorbunova J.O., Fialkov V.A., Kupchinsky A.B., Beschkov V.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vuzbiochemi.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/219">https://vuzbiochemi.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/219</self-uri><abstract><p>Авторами настоящей статьи исследована зависимость между способностью активного ила городских канализационных очистных сооружений г. Иркутск генерировать электрический ток в биотопливных элементах (БТЭ) и его иловым индексом, дегидрогеназной активностью, скоростью элиминирования активным илом глюкозы и ионов аммония. Электрогенную активность ила исследовали в двухкамерных конструкциях БТЭ. Камеры БТЭ были разделены между собой протонообменной мембраной МФ-4СК (ЗАО «Пластполимер», г. Санкт-Петербург). Отбор проб ила осуществляли при помощи стерильного шприца через специальную резиновую заглушку в боковой части анодной камеры. Предложенная модификация ячейки позволяет осуществлять отбор проб или внесение субстратов и биоагентов без нарушения анаэробных условий в анолите. Электродами в исследуемых БТЭ служила углеродная ткань Урал Т-22Р А (ОАО «СветлогорскХимволокно», Республика Беларусь). Активный ил подвергали температурной обработке – нагревали в течение 5, 10 и 15 мин при 80 °С, а также инактивировали автоклавированием при 1 атм в течение 30 мин (120 °С). Иловый индекс определяли стандартным методом по соотношению дозы ила по объему и массе. Дегидрогеназную активность ила оценивали по восстановлению 2,3,5-трифенилтетразолия хлорида. С применением фотометрических методов исследовали динамику элиминирования активным илом глюкозы (по восстановлению 2,3,5-трифенилтетразолия хлорида) и аммония (с реактивом Несслера). Обработка ила повышенной температурой и инактивация ила автоклавированием негативно сказывались на электрических параметрах БТЭ на основе ила и скорости трансформации им субстратов – глюкозы и аммонийного азота. Определена электрогенная активность в БТЭ проб ила, отобранных из разных аэротенков, отличающихся друг от друга по показателям илового индекса и дегидрогеназной активности. Показано наличие прямой зависимости между исследуемыми параметрами, что позволило предложить использовать биотопливные элементы для экспрессной оценки физиологического состояния и работоспособности активного ила.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The authors investigate the sludge index, dehydrogenase activity and elimination rate for glucose and ammonium ions in activated sludge obtained from urban sewage in treatment plants in the city of Irkutsk to determine the relationship between the factors and the ability to generate an electric current in biofuel cells (BFC). A two-chamber BFC design was used to examine the electrogenic activity of sludge. BFC chambers were separated by a MF-4SK (Plastpolymer CJSC, St. Petersburg) proton-exchange membrane. Sludge sampling was carried out using a sterile syringe inserted through a specially-designed rubber plug in the side of the anode chamber. The proposed cell modification provides sampling or substrate and bioagent dosing without disturbing anaerobic conditions in the anolyte. The Ural T-22R A carbon fabric (SvetlogorskKhimvolokno OJSC, Republic of Belarus) material was used for the electrodes in the BFC under study. Activated sludge was subjected to heat treatment for 5, 10 and 15 min at 80 °С. Inactivation was additionally performed by autoclaving at 1 atm for 30 min (120 °С). The sludge index was determined by the standard method for calculating the volume and weight ratio of sludge. The sludge dehydrogenase activity was evaluated by the reduction of 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride. The dynamics of sludge elimination for glucose (by the reduction of 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride) and ammonium (by Nessler's reagent) was studied using photometric methods. As a result, sludge heating and autoclave inactivation negatively affected the electrical parameters of sludge-based BFC and the sludge elimination rate for glucose and ammonium nitrogen. The electrogenic activity in BFC was determined for sludge sampled from aerotanks having varying sludge index and dehydrogenase activity values. A direct relationship between the studied parameters is indicated, providing for the application of biofuel cells for the rapid assessment of the physiological state and efficiency of activated sludge.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>биотопливные элементы</kwd><kwd>активный ил</kwd><kwd>очистные сооружения</kwd><kwd>электрогенная активность</kwd><kwd>биоагент</kwd><kwd>оценка состояния ила</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>biofuel cells</kwd><kwd>activated sludge</kwd><kwd>treatment facilities</kwd><kwd>electrogenic activity</kwd><kwd>bioagent</kwd><kwd>sludge state assessment</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Министерства науки и высшего образования РФ (проект RFMEFI58317X0060 «Биоремедиация и биоконверсия отходов с помощью комплекса фотосинтетических организмов и гетеротрофов в аэробных и анаэробных условиях с генерированием биоэнергии»). Авторы признательны за участие в проведении исследований к.т.н. Э.Э. Василевич, студентам и аспирантам Е.С. Чернухе, А.В. Приловскому, Р.Т. Камалову, за фотографию биотопливного элемента – С.И. Дидоренко.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (project RFMEFI58317X0060 “Bioremediation and bioconversion of waste using a complex of photosynthetic organisms and heterotrophs in aerobic and anaerobic conditions with bioenergy generation”). The authors are grateful to Ph.D. E.E. Vasilevich, to students and post-graduate students E.S. Chernukha, A.V. Prilovskii, R.T. Kamalov for their participation in the research. The authors are also thankful to S.I. 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