vuzbiochemiИзвестия вузов. Прикладная химия и биотехнологияProceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology2227-29252500-1558ИРНИТУ10.21285/2227-2925-2019-9-4-694-702vuzbiochemi-263Research ArticleФИЗИКО-ХИМИЧЕСКАЯ БИОЛОГИЯPHYSICOCHEMICAL BIOLOGYЗначение работ Е.В. Талалаева для формирования стратегии развития биотехнологических методов защиты растений от вредителейSignificance of the works of E.V. Talalaev in the formulation of a development strategy for biotechnological pest management methodsЕникеевА. Г.EnikeevA. G.

Еникеев Андрей Густавович, к.б.н., ведущий научный сотрудник

664033, г. Иркутск, ул. Лермонтова, 132

Andrey G. Enikeev, Сand. Sci. (Biology), Leading Research Scientist

132, Lermontov St., Irkutsk, Irkutsk 664033

enikeev@sifibr.irk.ruЕникееваЛ. Ю.EnikeevaL. Yu.

Еникеева Любовь Юрьевна, ведущий инженер

664033, г. Иркутск, ул. Лермонтова, 132

Lyubov Yu. Enikeeva, Lead Engineer

132, Lermontov St., Irkutsk, Irkutsk 664033

lyubovenikeeva@mail.ruСибирский институт физиологии и биохимии растений СО РАНРоссияSiberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry SB RASRussian Federation20190501202094694702Copyright © Еникеев А.Г., Еникеева Л.Ю., 20202020Еникеев А.Г., Еникеева Л.Ю.Enikeev A.G., Enikeeva L.Y.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vuzbiochemi.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/263

Разработка методов биологической защиты растений оставалась одним из основных направлений развития биотехнологии на всем протяжении ХХ столетия. В нашей стране развитие этого направления исследований неразрывно связано с именем профессора Иркутского государственного университета Евгения Васильевича Талалаева, являющегося основоположником биологических методов защиты лесов. Им разработаны теоретические основы применения микробиометода, создан первый отечественный бактериальный препарат для борьбы с сибирским шелкопрядом – дендробациллин. Проведены широкомасштабные испытания препарата и продемонстрирована его безопасность для здоровья человека. При его непосредственном участии в СССР было организовано промышленное производство биопрепаратов. Продукция этих предприятий пользовалась большим спросом как на отечественном, так и зарубежном рынках. В статье приведена краткая история изучения энтомопатогенных свойств Bacillus thuringiensis и разработки на ее основе биотехнологических методов защиты растений от насекомых-вредителей. Дан краткий сравнительный анализ современного уровня развития микробиометода защиты растений в России и за рубежом. Рассмотрены итоги первых десятилетий широкомасштабного применения в сельскохозяйственном производстве созданных на основе B. thuringiensis генно-инженерных Bt-технологий, позиционируемых как более эффективная и экономичная альтернатива микробиометоду. Представлены основные, описанные в научной литературе, причины низкой эффективности данного направления генетической инженерии растений. Также показано, что при создании трансгенных Bt-растений не были учтены закономерности развития природных паразитарных систем, положенных в основу микробиометода. Дана оценка значения научного наследия Е.В. Талалаева для развития методов защиты растений на основе B. Thuringiensis и представлен ряд новых направлений развития растительных биотехнологий на их основе. Обсуждены дальнейшие перспективы использования микробиометода защиты растений в Российской Федерации.

Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.

The development of methods for pest management continued to be one of the main directions in development of biotechnology throughout the twentieth century. In Russia, the development of this research area is inextricably linked with the name of Evgeny V. Talalayev, professor of Irkutsk State University and the founder of the biological forest protection approach. Though his enterprise, theoretical foundations for the use of the microbiomethod were developed, along with the first domestic bacterial preparation against the Siberian silkworm, dendrobacillin. Large-scale tests of the preparation were carried out to demonstrate its safety in terms of human health. With his direct participation, industrial production of biological products was organised in the USSR. These products were in great demand in both domestic and foreign markets. The article gives a brief history of the study of the entomopathogenic properties of Bacillus Thuringiensis and the development of biotechnological methods for pest management on its basis. A brief comparative analysis is provided for the current state of microbiomethods for the protection of plant species in Russia and abroad. The results of the first decades of large-scale application in agricultural production based on B. thuringiensis genetic engineering Bt-technologies, positioned as a more effective and economical alternative to the microbiome, are considered. The main reasons for the low efficiency of this area of plant genetic engineering as described in the scientific literature are presented. Additionally, the problem of discounting the development patterns of natural parasitic systems underlying the microbiomethod during the creation of transgenic BT plants is considered. An assessment for the value of the scientific heritage of E.V. Talalayev for the development of plant protection methods based on B. Thuringiensis is made along with the presentation of a number of new directions for the development of plant biotechnologies on their basis. Further prospects for the use of the microbiomethod plant protection approach in the Russian Federation are discussed.

The authors declare no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this article.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.