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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vuzbiochemi</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия вузов. Прикладная химия и биотехнология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2227-2925</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-1558</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ИРНИТУ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21285/2227-2925-2019-9-4-722-736</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vuzbiochemi-266</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЗИКО-ХИМИЧЕСКАЯ БИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHYSICOCHEMICAL BIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Исследование биохимического состава плодов яблони Южного Прибайкалья и продуктов виноделия, сброженных на древесной щепе</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Study of the biochemical composition of fruits of the Southern Baikal apple tree and its wine products fermented on wood chips</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гусакова</surname><given-names>Г. C.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gusakova</surname><given-names>G. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гусакова Галина Семеновна, к.c-х.н., доцент, кафедра химии и пищевой технологии им. профессора В.В. Тутуриной, Институт высоких технологий </p><p>664074, г. Иркутск, ул. Лермонтова, 83</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Galina S. Gusakova, Cand. Sci. (Agriculture), Associate Professor, Department of Chemistry and Food Technology, Institute of High Technologies</p><p>83, Lermontov St., Irkutsk 664074</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gusakova58@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Супрун</surname><given-names>Н. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Suprun</surname><given-names>N. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Супрун Наталья Петровна, аспирант, кафедра химии и пищевой технологии им. профессора В.В. Тутуриной, Институт высоких технологий</p><p>664074, г. Иркутск, ул. Лермонтова, 83</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalya P. Suprun, Postgraduate Student, Department of Chemistry and Food Technology, Institute of High Technologies</p><p>83, Lermontov St., Irkutsk 664074</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">suprun_np@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Раченко</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rachenko</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Раченко Максим Анатольевич, к.б.н., заведующий оранжереей</p><p>664033, г. Иркутск, ул. Лермонтова, 132</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maxim А. Rachenko, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Head of Orangery</p><p>132, Lermontov St., Irkutsk 664033</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bigmks73@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чеснокова</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chesnokova</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чеснокова Александра Николаевна, к.х.н., заведующая лабораториями, кафедра химии и пищевой технологии им. профессора В.В. Тутуриной</p><p>664074, г. Иркутск, ул. Лермонтова, 83</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexandra N. Chesnokova, Cand. Sci. (Chemistry), Head of Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Food Technology Institute of High Technologies</p><p>83, Lermontov St., Irkutsk 664074</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">chesnokova@istu.edu</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чупарина</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chuparina</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чупарина Елена Владимировна, к.х.н., старший научный сотрудник</p><p>664033 г. Иркутск, ул. Фаворского, 1а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena V. Chuparina, Cand. Sci. (Chemistry),Senior Researcher</p><p>1А, Favorsky St., Irkutsk 664033</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lchup@igc.irk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Немчинова</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nemchinova</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Немчинова Алена Игоревна, аспирант, кафедра химии и пищевой технологии им. профессора В.В. Тутуриной, Институт высоких технологий</p><p>664074, г. Иркутск, ул. Лермонтова, 83</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alena I. Nemchinova Postgraduate Student, Department of Chemistry and Food Technology, Institute of High Technologies</p><p>83, Lermontov St., Irkutsk 664074</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sibvin@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макаров</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarov</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Макаров Святослав Станиславович, магистрант, Институт высоких технологий</p><p>664074, г. Иркутск, ул. Лермонтова, 83</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sviatoslav S. Makarov Master student, Institute of High Technologies</p><p>83, Lermontov St., Irkutsk 664074</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">makarov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Иркутский национальный исследовательский технический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Irkutsk National Research Technical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Сибирский институт физиологии и биохимии растений СО РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry SB RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт геохимии им. А.П. Виноградова СО РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Vinogradov Institute of Geochemistry SB RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>01</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>722</fpage><lpage>736</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гусакова Г.C., Супрун Н.П., Раченко М.А., Чеснокова А.Н., Чупарина Е.В., Немчинова А.И., Макаров С.С., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гусакова Г.C., Супрун Н.П., Раченко М.А., Чеснокова А.Н., Чупарина Е.В., Немчинова А.И., Макаров С.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gusakova G.S., Suprun N.P., Rachenko M.A., Chesnokova A.N., Chuparina E.V., Nemchinova A.I., Makarov S.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vuzbiochemi.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/266">https://vuzbiochemi.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/266</self-uri><abstract><p>Целью данной работы являлось исследование биохимического состава плодов яблонь, произрастающих в Южном Прибайкалье, и определение качественных характеристик яблочного вина, полученного брожением на древесной щепе в условиях сверхвысокой концентрации дрожжей. Определены основные физико-химические показатели и суммарное содержание фенольных соединений соков шести сортов яблони. Методом рентгенофлуоресцентной спектрометрии в плодах яблок сорта Красноярский снегирек определено содержание макро- и микроэлементов (Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Br, Rb, Sr, Zr, Pb и Ba). Из макроэлементов в наибольшем количестве найден К (0,762 %), в меньшем количестве содержится Fe (0,006 %). Показано повышение качественных характеристик яблочного виноматериала при брожении на щепе в условиях сверхвысокой концентрации дрожжей. Окислительно-восстановительный потенциал стал ниже на 80 мВ. Дегустационная оценка возросла на 0,7 балла. Интенсивность окраски снизилась на 0,392 нм, оттенок изменился на 0,3 нм. Методом ВЭЖХ-УФ-МС исследовано изменение состава фенольных соединений в процессе брожения сока. В соках и виноматериале идентифицированы фенольные соединения, относящиеся к фенолкарбоновым кислотам (производным ароматических углеводородов), производным дигидрохалконов, флаван-3-олов и флавонолов. Показано снижение содержания общего количества фенольных соединений при брожении на щепе по отношению к контролю более чем в 3 раза. Подтверждено увеличение скорости брожения сусла на 72 ч. Доказана возможность получения соков с повышенной физиологической ценностью и белых малоокисленных вин из зимостойких сортов яблонь Южного Прибайкалья.</p><p>Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The present work is aimed at studying the biochemical composition of apple fruits growing in the Southern Baikal region, as well as the determining the qualitative characteristics of apple wine obtained by fermentation on wood chips under ultrahigh yeast concentration. The main physicochemical parameters and the total content of phenolic compounds in juices of six apple breeds are determined. For the fruits of 'Krasnoyarskiy Snegirek' variety, the content of macro- and microelements (Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Br, Rb, Sr, Zr, Pb and Ba) was analysed by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Among the macronutrients, K was established to be presented in the largest amount (0.762 %), while the quantity of Fe (0.006 %) appears to be significantly lower. An increase is detected in the qualitative characteristics of apple wine material during fermentation on wood chips under ultrahigh yeast concentration. The redox potential was shown to have decreased by 80 mV. The tasting score increased by 0.7 points. Additionally, the colour intensity decreased by 0.392 nm and the hue changed by 0.3 nm. The HPLC-UV-MS method was applied to study the change in the composition of phenolic compounds during juice fermentation. Phenolic compounds related to phenolcarboxylic acids (derivatives of aromatic hydrocarbons), derivatives of dihydrochalcones, flavan-3-ols and flavonols were identified in juices and wine materials. As compared to the control, a threefold decrease in the total amount of phenolic compounds during fermentation on wood chips was obtained. The must fermentation rate was confirmed to increase by 72 hours. The possibility of obtaining juices with increased nutritional value and low-oxidised white wines from winter-hardy apple breeds of the Southern Baikal region was demonstrated.</p><p>The authors declare no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this article.</p><p> </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>зимостойкие сорта яблок</kwd><kwd>яблочный сок</kwd><kwd>сусло</kwd><kwd>виноматериал</kwd><kwd>насадки из яблочной древесины</kwd><kwd>компонентный состав</kwd><kwd>фенольные соединения</kwd><kwd>сахарокислотный индекс</kwd><kwd>макро- и микроэлементый состав сырья</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>winter-hardy apple breeds</kwd><kwd>apple juice</kwd><kwd>must</kwd><kwd>wine material</kwd><kwd>apple wood nozzles</kwd><kwd>component composition</kwd><kwd>phenolic compounds</kwd><kwd>sugar-acid index</kwd><kwd>macro- and microelement composition of raw materials</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Авторы благодарят научного сотрудника Лимнологического института СО РАН, к.х.н. А.В. Кузьмина за помощь в записи ВЭЖХ-МС-спектров.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The authors are grateful to A.V. Kuzmin, Cand. Sci. (Chemistry), researcher of the Limnological Institute SB RAS, for the help in recording HPLC-MS spectra.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вечер А.С., Юрченко Л.А. Сидры и яблочные игристые вина (химия и технология). М.: Пищевая промышленность. 1976. 134 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vecher AS, Yurchenko LA. Ciders and sparkling apple wines (chemistry and technology). Moscow: Pishchevaya promyshlennost'; 1976. 134 p. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Агеева Н.М. Стабилизация виноградных вин: теоретические аспекты ипрактические рекомендации: монография. 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