vuzbiochemiИзвестия вузов. Прикладная химия и биотехнологияProceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology2227-29252500-1558ИРНИТУ10.21285/2227-2925-2020-10-3-496-505vuzbiochemi-424Research ArticleФИЗИКО-ХИМИЧЕСКАЯ БИОЛОГИЯPHYSICOCHEMICAL BIOLOGYФормирование химического состава зерна яровой пшеницы при различном уровне минерального питанияChemical composition of spring wheat at different levels of mineral nutritionЧикишевД. В.ChikishevD. V.

Чикишев Дмитрий Владимирович, аспирант кафедры почвоведения и агрохимии

625003, г. Тюмень, ул. Республики, 7

Dmitry V. Chikishev, Postgraduate Student, Department of Soil Science and Agrochemistry

7, Republica St., Tyumen, 625003

79088690714@yandex.ruАбрамовН. В.AbramovN. V.

Абрамов Николай Васильевич, д.с.-х.н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой почвоведения и агрохимии

625003, г. Тюмень, ул. Республики, 7

Nikolay V. Abramov, Dr. Sci. (Agriculture), Professor, Head of the Department of Soil Science and Agrochemistry

7, Respubliki St., Tyumen, 625003

vip.anv.55@mail.ruЛаринаН. С.LarinaN. S.

Ларина Наталья Сергеевна, к.х.н., профессор кафедры органической и экологической химии

625003, г. Тюмень, ул. Володарского, 6

Natalya S. Larina, Cand. Sci. (Chemistry), Professor, Department of Organic and Environmental Chemistry

6, Volodarski St., Tyumen, 625003

nslarina@yandex.ruШерстобитовС. В.SherstobitovS. V.

Шерстобитов Сергей Владимирович, к.х.н., доцент кафедры почвоведения и агрохимии

625003, г. Тюмень, ул. Республики, 7

Sergey V. Sherstobitov, Cand. Sci. (Chemistry), Associate Professor, Department of Soil Science and Agrochemistry

7, Respubliki St., Tyumen, 625003

sv5888857@yandex.ruГосударственный аграрный университет Северного ЗауральяРоссияNorthern Trans-Ural State Agricultural UniversityRussian FederationТюменский государственный университетРоссияUniversity of TyumenRussian Federation202008102020103496505Copyright © Чикишев Д.В., Абрамов Н.В., Ларина Н.С., Шерстобитов С.В., 20202020Чикишев Д.В., Абрамов Н.В., Ларина Н.С., Шерстобитов С.В.Chikishev D.V., Abramov N.V., Larina N.S., Sherstobitov S.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vuzbiochemi.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/424

Зерно яровой пшеницы широко используется в качестве сырья для производства пищевых продуктов и кормов. Целью исследования являлось изучение отзывчивости яровой пшеницы на различные уровни минерального питания. В статье представлены результаты внесения минеральных удобрений под яровую пшеницу сорта Новосибирская 31 в Тюменской области. Определены: урожайность зерна яровой пшеницы, основные показатели качества зерна на пищевые цели (содержание белка, сырой клейковины, качество клейковины, стекловидность, натура), аминокислотный и элементный (N, P, K, S, Na, Mg, Ca, Cl) составы. Показано, что в зависимости от почвенных и погодных условий, а также от дозы внесения минеральные удобрения имеют неодинаковую эффективность. В 2018 г. применение минеральных удобрений позволило получить прибавку урожайности и улучшить качество зерна. Относительно варианта без внесения минеральных удобрений урожайность пшеницы повысилась на 1,6 т/га, содержание белка в зерне – на 3,67%, сырой клейковины – на 9,9%. С помощью удобрений удалось получить пшеницу 3-го класса, в то время как на контроле получена пшеница 4-го класса с меньшей урожайностью. Выявлено, что в годы с благоприятными погодными условиями на черноземе выщелоченном роль минеральных удобрений в формировании урожайности пшеницы и ее качества снижается. В 2019 г. на всех вариантах была получена пшеница 3-го класса с несущественно различающейся урожайностью. Доказано, что при повышении доз минеральных удобрений в зерне повышается содержание глутаминовой и аспарагиновой кислот, но снижается содержание аргинина. Элементный состав зерна, кроме азота, не зависит от дозы внесения удобрений.

Spring wheat is widely used as a raw material for the production of human food and animal feed. This study was aimed at investigating the response of spring wheat to different levels of mineral nutrition. The article presents the results of applying mineral fertilisers when growing spring wheat of the Novosibirsk 31 variety in the Tyumen region. The following parameters were determined: wheat grain yield, grain nutritional quality (protein content, raw gluten, gluten quality, grain hardness, grain-unit value), and amino acid and elemental (N, P, K, S, Na, Mg, Ca, Cl) composition. The efficiency of mineral fertilisers was shown to depend on their dosage, as well as on soil and weather conditions. In 2018, the use of mineral fertilisers led to an increased wheat yield and an improved grain quality. Thus, in comparison with the control (no fertilisers), the wheat yield increased by 1.6 t/ha, while the protein and wet gluten content grew by 3.67% and 9.9%, respectively. The application of fertilisers allowed 3rd class wheat to be obtained, while experiments involving no fertilisers produced only 4th class wheat. It was revealed that the role of mineral fertilisers in wheat yields and their quality decreases when growing wheat on leached chernozem under favourable weather conditions. Thus, in 2019, 3rd class wheat varying in yield insignificantly was obtained in all experiments (with and without fertilisers). It was confirmed that an increase in the dose of mineral fertilisers leads to an increase in the content of glutamic and aspartic acids in the grain, at the same time as decreasing the content of arginine. The elemental composition of grain, except for nitrogen, does not depend on the dose of fertilisers.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.