vuzbiochemiИзвестия вузов. Прикладная химия и биотехнологияProceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology2227-29252500-1558ИРНИТУ10.21285/2227-2925-2020-10-4-728-737vuzbiochemi-487Research ArticleФИЗИКО-ХИМИЧЕСКАЯ БИОЛОГИЯPHYSICOCHEMICAL BIOLOGYМолекулярно-массовые характеристики и сорбционные свойства пектина, выделенного из разных субстратовMolecular weight characteristics and sorption properties of pectin extracted from different substratesСеменычеваЛ. Л.SemenychevaL. L.

Семенычева Людмила Леонидовна - доктор химических наук, старший научный сотрудник, заведующая научноисследовательской лабораторией.

Lyudmila L. Semenycheva - Dr. Sci. (Chemistry), Senior Researcher, Head of Research Laboratory.

23, Gagarin Ave, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950

llsem@yandex.ruКулешоваН. В.KuleshovaN. V.

Кулешова Надежда Вячеславовна - кандидат химических наук, доцент, преподаватель.

Nadezhda V. Kuleshova - Cand. Sci. (Chemistry),Associate Professor, Lecturer.

nvku@yandex.ruМитинА. В.MitinA. V.

Митин Александр Вячеславович - кандидат химических наук, заведующий научноисследовательской лабораторией.

Alexandr V. Mitin - Cand. Sci. (Chemistry) - Head of Research Laboratory.

23, Gagarin Ave, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950

ckp@ichem.unn.ruБелаяТ. А.BelayaT. A.

Белая Татьяна Алексеевна, магистрант.

Tatiana A. Belaya - Master Student.

23, Gagarin Ave, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950

kozina.tanya.t98@gmail.comМочкинаД. В.MochkinaD. V.

Мочкина Дарья Викторовна – студентка.

Darya V. Mochkina - Student

23, Gagarin Ave, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950

darya_mochkina@mail.ruНижегородский государственный университет им Н.И. ЛобачевскогоРоссияLobachevsky State University of Nizhny NovgorodRussian Federation202008012021104728737Copyright © Семенычева Л.Л., Кулешова Н.В., Митин А.В., Белая Т.А., Мочкина Д.В., 20212021Семенычева Л.Л., Кулешова Н.В., Митин А.В., Белая Т.А., Мочкина Д.В.Semenycheva L.L., Kuleshova N.V., Mitin A.V., Belaya T.A., Mochkina D.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vuzbiochemi.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/487

Исследование природных полимеров является одной из передовых задач современной химии. Один из таких полимеров - полисахаридный пектин. Для его выделения из разных субстратов использовали широко распространенный кислотный гидролиз. Для этой цели исследованы щавелевая, лимонная и соляная кислоты. Водорастворимую пектинсодержащую фракцию выделяли из кожуры, ядрышек и жмыха яблок, жмыха сахарной свеклы, лимонной корки, хвои сосны. Оптимальным условием является нагревание субстрата на кипящей водяной бане в течение 1 ч с обратным холодильником в растворе соляной кислоты (рН = 2-3). Для выделения сухого порошка пектин-содержащего компонента экстракт после охлаждения нейтрализовали раствором аммиака и осаждали пектин этанолом. Исследование растворов пектина методом гельпроникающей хроматографии показало, что они имеют чаще всего три полимерные фракции, близкие по значению молекулярных масс: ~17-20, ~10-12 и ~0,5 кДа. Содержание последней фракции во всех выделенных образцах было преимущественным. Растворы предварительно высаженных порошков пектинсодержащей фракции заметно отличались от ранее обсужденных результатов: в них олигомерная фракция практически отсутствует. Для ряда образцов порошков пектина была определена степень этерификации методом потенциометрического титрования. Выявлена зависимость степени этерификации как от исходного сырья, так и от способа выделения. Для изучения сорбционной способности пектина, выделенного из разных субстратов, применяли метод обратного комплексонометрического титрования. Результаты анализа позволяют утверждать, что имеет место обратно пропорциональная зависимость степени сорбции свинца образца пектина от его степени этерификации.

The study of natural polymers is one of the most advanced tasks of modern chemistry. One of these polymers is the common polysaccharide pectin. Widespread acid hydrolysis was used to extract pectin from various substrates. Oxalic, citric and hydrochloric acids have been investigated for this purpose. The water-soluble pectin-containing fraction was extracted from the apples, sugar beet, lemon peel, pine needles. The optimal condition is heating the substrate in a boiling water bath for 1 hour with reflux in a solution of hydrochloric acid (pH 2-3). We neutralized the extract after cooling with an ammonia solution to isolate the dry powder of the pectin-containing component and the pectin was precipitated with ethanol. The study of pectin solutions by the method of gel permeation chromatography showed that they most often have three polymer fractions that are close in molecular weights: ~17-20, ~10-12 and ~0.5 kDa. The content of the last fraction in all selected samples is predominant. Solutions of pre-planted powders of the pectin-containing fraction significantly differ from the previously discussed results: the oligomeric fraction is practically absent in them. For a number of samples of pectin powders, the degree of esterification was determined by potentiometric titration. The dependence of the degree of esterification on both the feedstock and the isolation method was revealed. The method of reverse complexometric titration was used to study the sorption capacity of pectin. The analysis results suggest that there is an inversely proportional dependence of the degree of lead sorption of the pectin sample on its degree of esterification.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.