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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vuzbiochemi</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия вузов. Прикладная химия и биотехнология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2227-2925</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-1558</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ИРНИТУ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21285/2227-2925-2021-11-2-195-204</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vuzbiochemi-593</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ХИМИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CHEMICAL SCIENCES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Радикальные превращения органических растворителей в суб- и сверхкритических условиях</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Radical transformations of organic solvents under sub- and supercritical conditions</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Евстафьев</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Evstaf‘ev</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Евстафьев Сергей Николаевич – доктор химических наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой химии и пищевой технологии.</p><p>664074, Иркутск, ул. Лермонтова, 83.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergei N. Evstaf‘ev - Dr. Sci. (Chemistry), Professor, Head of the Laboratory of Food Technology, Irkutsk National Research Technical University.</p><p>83, Lermontov St., Irkutsk, 664074.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">esn@istu.edu</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фомина</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fomina</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фомина Елена Сергеевна - кандидат химических наук, доцент.</p><p>664074, Иркутск, ул. Лермонтова, 83.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena S. Fomina - Cand. Sci. (Chemistry), Associate Professor Irkutsk National Research Technical University.</p><p>83, Lermontov St., Irkutsk, 664074.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lenafomina1982@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тигунцева</surname><given-names>Н. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tiguntceva</surname><given-names>N. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тигунцева Надежда Павловна - кандидат химических наук, доцент.</p><p>664074, Иркутск, ул. Лермонтова, 83.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nadezhda P. Tiguntceva - Cand. Sci. (Chemistry), Associate Professor Irkutsk National Research Technical University.</p><p>83, Lermontov St., Irkutsk, 664074.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tignadezhda@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шашкина</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shashkina</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шашкина Софья Сергеевна – магистрант.</p><p>664074, Иркутск, ул. Лермонтова, 83.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sofia S. Shashkina - Master Student, Irkutsk National Research Technical University.</p><p>83, Lermontov St., Irkutsk, 664074.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">chiffa19@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Иркутский национальный исследовательский технический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Irkutsk National Research Technical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>07</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>195</fpage><lpage>204</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Евстафьев С.Н., Фомина Е.С., Тигунцева Н.П., Шашкина С.С., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Евстафьев С.Н., Фомина Е.С., Тигунцева Н.П., Шашкина С.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Evstaf‘ev S.N., Fomina E.S., Tiguntceva N.P., Shashkina S.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vuzbiochemi.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/593">https://vuzbiochemi.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/593</self-uri><abstract><p>Выполнено сравнительное исследование химических превращений этанола, ацетона и диметилкарбоната в интервале температур 200-300 °С. Эти соединения широко используются в качестве растворителей при обработке растительного сырья. Поэтому знание их поведения в реакционной среде актуально для понимания механизма процессов суб- и сверхкритической экстракции растительного сырья и роли растворителей в этих процессах. Установлено, что исследуемые соединения в определенных условиях выступают как источники свободных радикалов и тем самым могут способствовать радикальному разложению основных компонентов растительной биомассы. Для обнаружения в реакционной среде свободных радикалов использован толуольный метод Шварца. Показано, что радикальный распад связей в молекулах ацетона и диметилкарбоната происходит уже при температуре 200 °С, а в молекулах этанола - только в сверхкритических условиях при температурах выше 250 °С. Основным процессом при термообработке смесей толуола и растворителей являются реакции алкилирования с образованием различных алкилбензолов с преобладающим выходом для всех исследованных растворителей ксилолов. В интервале температур 200-250 °С наибольшая алкилирующая способность характерна для ацетона, наименьшая - для этанола. При температурах более 250 °С алкилирующая способность растворителей примерно одинаковая при незначительном преобладании для диметилкарбоната. Ацетон, в отличие от других растворителей, в условиях процесса наряду с радикальными превращениями участвует в реакциях нуклеофильного присоединения. Доля продуктов, полученных в результате этих реакций при температурах выше 250 °С, является преобладающей. Основными из них являются продукты альдольной и кротоновой конденсации ацетона. На основании результатов исследования предложены схемы радикального распада молекул растворителей и формирования продуктов термообработки.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>A comparative study of chemical transformations of ethanol, acetone and dimethyl carbonate was performed in a temperature range from 200 to 300 °C. These compounds are widely used as solvents for processing vegetable raw materials. Therefore, knowing their behaviour in a reaction medium is necessary to understand the mechanism of sub- and supercritical extraction of the vegetable raw materials and the role of solvents in this processуы. It was established that the investigated compounds under certain conditions function as a source of free radicals; thus, they can contribute to the radical decomposition of the major components in plant biomass. The Schwarz toluene method was used to detect free radicals in reaction media. It is shown that radical breakdown of bonds in the acetone and dimethyl carbonate molecules occurs already at a temperature of 200 °C, and in ethanol - only under supercritical conditions at temperatures over 250 °C. Alkylation is the main reaction occurring during the thermal treatment of toluene and solvents mixtures, which leads to a high yield of various alkylbenzenes for all investigated xylene solvents. In a temperature range from 200 to 250 °С, acetone has the highest alkylating capability and ethanol - the lowest one. At temperatures above 250 °С, the alkylating capability of solvents is similar, with a slight prevalence of that of dimethyl carbonate. Unlike other solvents, acetone participates in nucleophilic addition reactions along with radical transformations under process conditions. The products obtained as a result of these reactions at temperatures above 250 °C are predominant. The main ones are the products of the aldol and crotonic condensation of acetone. Based on the results of a study, the pathways of the radical decomposition of solvents molecules and the formation of products of thermal treatment were proposed.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>свободные радикалы</kwd><kwd>органические растворители</kwd><kwd>суб- и сверхкритические условия</kwd><kwd>алкилирование</kwd><kwd>радикальные превращения</kwd><kwd>толуольный метод</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>free radicals</kwd><kwd>organic solvents</kwd><kwd>sub- and supercritical conditions</kwd><kwd>alkylation</kwd><kwd>radical transformations</kwd><kwd>toluene method</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Balan V., Kumar S., Bals B., Chundawat S., Jin M., Dale B. Biochemical and thermochemical conversion of switchgrass to biofuels. In: Monti A. (ed.). Switchgrass, green energy and technology. Springer-Verlag London, 2012. 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