vuzbiochemiИзвестия вузов. Прикладная химия и биотехнологияProceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology2227-29252500-1558ИРНИТУ10.21285/2227-2925-2021-11-3-358-371vuzbiochemi-640Research ArticleФИЗИКО-ХИМИЧЕСКАЯ БИОЛОГИЯPHYSICOCHEMICAL BIOLOGYФототрофы в альтернативной энергетикеPhototrophs in alternative energyКоноваловМ. С.KonovaloM. S.

Коновалов Михаил Сергеевич, научный сотрудник

664003, г. Иркутск, ул. Карла Маркса, 1

Mikhail S. Konovalov, Researcher

1, Karl Marx St., Irkutsk, 664003

mikkonovalov@yandex.ruКоноваловаЕ. Ю.KonovalovaE. Yu.

Коновалова Елена Юрьевна, научный сотрудник

664003, г. Иркутск, ул. Карла Маркса, 1

Elena Yu. Konovalova, Researcher

1, Karl Marx St., Irkutsk, 664003

elenka_kvasya@list.ruЕгороваИ. Н.EgorovaI. N.

Егорова Ирина Николаевна, к.б.н., старший научный сотрудник

664033, г. Иркутск, ул. Лермонтова, 132

Irina N. Egorova, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Senior Researcher

132, Lermontov St., Irkutsk, 664033

egorova@sifibr.irk.ruЖдановаГ. О.ZhdanovaG. O.

Жданова Галина Олеговна, научный сотрудник

664003, г. Иркутск, ул. Карла Маркса, 1

Galina O. Zhdanova, Researcher

1, Karl Marx St., Irkutsk, 664003

zhdanova86@ya.ruСтомД. И.StomD. I.

Стом Дэвард Иосифович, д.б.н., профессор, заведующий лабораторией водной токсикологии; главный научный сотрудник

664003, г. Иркутск, ул. Карла Маркса, 1

664520, п. Листвянка, ул. Академическая, 1

Devard I. Stom, Dr. Sci. (Biology), Professor, Head of the laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology; Chief Researcher, Baikal Museum ISC

1, Karl Marx St., Irkutsk, 664003

1, Academicheskaya St., Listvyanka, 664520

1, Academicheskaya St., Listvyanka, 664520

stomd@mail.ruИркутский государственный университетРоссияIrkutsk State University,Russian FederationИркутский государственный университетРоссияIrkutsk State UniversityRussian FederationСибирский институт физиологии и биохимии растений СО РАНРоссияSiberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry SB RASRussian FederationИркутский государственный университет; Байкальский музей ИНЦРоссияIrkutsk State University;Russian Federation202105102021113358371Copyright © Коновалов М.С., Коновалова Е.Ю., Егорова И.Н., Жданова Г.О., Стом Д.И., 20212021Коновалов М.С., Коновалова Е.Ю., Егорова И.Н., Жданова Г.О., Стом Д.И.Konovalo M.S., Konovalova E.Y., Egorova I.N., Zhdanova G.O., Stom D.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vuzbiochemi.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/640

Резюме: В представленном обзоре рассматривается роль фототрофов в альтернативной энергетике, при этом основной упор сделан на одноклеточные водоросли. Особое внимание уделено применению фототрофов для генерации электроэнергии с использованием биотопливных элементов (обсуждаются растительные и ферментные биотопливные элементы). Главное место отведено микробным топливным элементам (МТЭ), которые наряду с электроэнергией позволяют получать биотопливо и биоводород. Рассматриваются факторы, ограничивающие мощность МТЭ, а также пути их преодоления. Так, например, для снижения убыли мощности МТЭ из-за перенапряжения представляется перспективной разработка различных фотобиореакторов. Использование микрофототрофов в МТЭ привело к разработке фотосинтетических МТЭ (или ФотоМТЭ) посредством конструирования автотрофных фотобиореакторов с принудительным освещением. Они дают возможность генерировать кислород за счет фотосинтеза как in situ, так и ex situ, рециркулируя кислород из фотобиореактора в катодную камеру. Здесь могут быть использованы искусственные редокс-медиаторы, переносящие электроны непосредственно с некаталитического катода на O2, образующийся в результате фотосинтезирующей активности водорослей. Показано, что биологически катализируемые катоды генерируют меньшую мощность по сравнению с химическими катализаторами. Отмечено, что установки МТЭ с микроводорослями позволяют утилизировать широкий круг различных соединений – компонентов сточных вод и отходов: органические кислоты, сахара, спирты, жиры и другие субстраты. Особый раздел представляет использование фототрофов для производства биотоплива. Из микроводорослей можно получить несколько различных видов возобновляемого биотоплива, производство которого может быть объединено с очисткой сточных вод, улавливанием CO2, производством различных соединений.

Abstract: The role of phototrophs is examined in alternative energy, with the main emphasis on unicellular algae. Particular attention is paid to the use of phototrophs for generating electricity using biofuel cells (plant and enzymatic biofuel cells are discussed). This study focuses on microbial fuel cells (MFC), which, along with electric power, allow obtaining biofuels and biohydrogen. This article explains the factors limiting the MFC power, and ways of overcoming them. For example, it seems promising to develop various photobioreactors in order to reduce the loss of MFC power due to overvoltage. The use of microphototrophs in MFC has led to the development of photosynthetic MFC (or PhotoMFC) through the design of autotrophic photobioreactors with forced illumination. They allow generating oxygen through photosynthesis, both in situ and ex situ, by recirculating oxygen from the photobioreactor to the cathode chamber. Artificial redox mediators can be used here, transferring electrons directly from the non-catalytic cathode to O2, formed as a result of the photosynthetic activity of algae. Biologically catalyzed cathodes have been proven to generate less power than chemical catalysts. It is noted, that the MFC installations with the micro-algae allow utilizing a wider circle of different connections – the components of effluents and withdrawals: organic acids, sugar, alcohols, fats and other substrata. The use of phototrophs for the production of biofuels is of special interest. Several different types of renewable biofuels can be produced from microalgae, the production of which can be combined with wastewater treatment, CO2 capture and production of various compounds.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.