vuzbiochemiИзвестия вузов. Прикладная химия и биотехнологияProceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology2227-29252500-1558ИРНИТУ10.21285/2227-2925-2021-11-3-372-383vuzbiochemi-645Research ArticleФИЗИКО-ХИМИЧЕСКАЯ БИОЛОГИЯPHYSICOCHEMICAL BIOLOGYВозможности использования информационных ресурсов в биоремедиацииPossibilities of using information resources In bioremediationБабынинЭ. В.BabyninE. V.

Бабынин Эдуард Викторович, к.б.н., доцент, старший научный сотрудник, Институт фундаментальной медицины и биологии

420008, г. Казань, ул. Кремлевская, 18

420059, г. Казань, Оренбургский тракт, 20а

Edward V. Babynin, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Associate Professor, Senior Researcher

18, Kremlevskaya St., Kazan, 420008

20а, Orenburgskii trakt, Kazan, 420059

edward.b67@mail.ruДегтяреваИ. А.DegtyarevaI. A.

Дегтярева Ирина Александровна, д.б.н., доцент, главный научный сотрудник

420059, г. Казань, Оренбургский тракт, 20а

420015, г. Казань, ул. Карла Маркса, 68

Irina A. Degtyareva, Dr. Sci. (Biology), Associate Professor, Chief Researcher; Professor

20а, Orenburgskii trakt, Kazan, 420059

68, Karl Marx St., Kazan, 420015

peace-1963@mail.ruКазанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет; Татарский научно-исследовательский институт агрохимии и почвоведенияРоссияKazan Federal University; Tatar Research Institute of Agrochemistry and Soil ScienceRussian FederationКазанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет; Казанский национальный исследовательский технологический университетРоссияKazan Federal University; Kazan National Research Technological UniversityRussian Federation202106102021113372383Copyright © Бабынин Э.В., Дегтярева И.А., 20212021Бабынин Э.В., Дегтярева И.А.Babynin E.V., Degtyareva I.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vuzbiochemi.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/645

Резюме: Биоремедиация с использованием микроорганизмов имеет ряд преимуществ по сравнению с физико-химическими методами очистки вод, грунтов и атмосферы. Микроорганизмы обладают широким спектром метаболических возможностей, благодаря которым они способны преобразовывать, модифицировать и утилизировать токсичные загрязнители для получения энергии и производства биомассы. Показано их участие в разложении различных промышленных отходов, таких как красители, углеводороды, хлорированные ароматические соединения, пестициды и другие. Хотя использование микроорганизмов является экологически чистым и перспективным способом решения экологических угроз, на эффективность биоремедиации влияют многие факторы, такие как химическая природа загрязнителей, их доступность для микроорганизмов, физико-химические характеристики окружающей среды, а также взаимодействие самих организмовдеструкторов друг с другом. Сегодня очень важен поиск новых эффективных штаммов или создание супердеструкторов методами генной и белковой инженерии. Эта задача может быть решена путем привлечения таких «инструментов», как геномика, протеомика, транскриптомика, метаболомика. Эти технологии требуют интеграции огромного количества данных, что невозможно обеспечить без использования биоинформатики. Биоинформатика применяется в микробной биоремедиции разными способами: анализ данных секвенирования генома, идентификация кодирующих белки генов, сравнительный анализ для идентификации функции неизвестных генов, автоматическая реконструкция и сравнение метаболических путей, а также исследование белокбелок и белок–ДНК взаимодействий для понимания регуляторных механизмов. Данный обзор направлен на освещение различных ресурсов, хранящих информацию о возможных путях микробного метаболизма, участвующих в биодеградации нефтепродуктов. Использование подобных информационных ресурсов может стать отправной точкой для многих исследований в биоремедиации.

Abstract: Bioremediation using microorganisms has a number of advantages over physical and chemical methods of water, soil and atmosphere purification. Microorganisms have a wide range of metabolic capabilities that enable them to convert, modify and utilize toxic pollutants for energy and biomass production. This article shows their participation in the decomposition of various industrial wastes, such as dyes, hydrocarbons, chlorinated aromatic compounds and pesticides, among others. Although the use of microorganisms is an environmentally friendly and promising way of solving environmental threats, many factors affect the effectiveness of bioremediation, such as the chemical nature of pollutants, their accessibility to microorganisms, the physical and chemical characteristics of the environment, as well as the interaction of the destructive organisms with each other. The search for new effective strains or the creation of superdestructors using genetic and protein engineering methods proves to be crucial under current circumstances. This task can be solved using such “tools” as genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics and metabolomics. These technologies require the integration of a huge amount of data, which cannot be achieved without the use of bioinformatics. Bioinformatics is used in microbial bioremediation in different ways: analysis of genome sequencing data, identification of protein-coding genes, comparative analysis to identify the function of unknown genes, automatic reconstruction and comparison of metabolic pathways, and study of protein–protein and protein–DNA interactions to understand regulatory mechanisms. This review aims to highlight various resources that store information about possible pathways of microbial metabolism involved in the biodegradation of petroleum products. The use of such information resources can become a starting point for many studies in bioremediation.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.