vuzbiochemiИзвестия вузов. Прикладная химия и биотехнологияProceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology2227-29252500-1558ИРНИТУ10.21285/2227-2925-2022-12-3-383-393vuzbiochemi-841Research ArticleФИЗИКО-ХИМИЧЕСКАЯ БИОЛОГИЯPHYSICOCHEMICAL BIOLOGYПерспективы химической и биотехнологической переработки мискантусаProspects for chemical and biotechnological processing of miscanthushttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5572-1476ШавыркинаН. А.ShavyrkinaN. A.

Надежда Александровна Шавыркина, к.т.н., доцент, старший научный сотрудник

659322, г. Бийск, ул. Социалистическая, 1

Nadezhda A. Shavyrkina, Cand. Sci. (Engineering), Associate Professor, Senior Researcher

1, Sotsialisticheskaya St., 659322, Biysk

32nadina@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5480-7449ГисматулинаЮ. А.GismatulinaYu. A.

Юлия Александровна Гисматулина, к.т.н., старший научный сотрудник

659322, г. Бийск, ул. Социалистическая, 1

Yuliya A. Gismatulina, Cand. Sci. (Engineering), Senior Researcher

1, Sotsialisticheskaya St., 659322, Biysk

julja.gismatulina@rambler.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1628-0815БудаеваВ. В.BudaevaV. V.

Вера Владимировна Будаева, к.х.н., доцент, ведущий научный сотрудник

659322, г. Бийск, ул. Социалистическая, 1

Vera V. Budaeva, Cand. Sci. (Chemistry), Associate Professor, Leading Researcher

1, Sotsialisticheskaya St., 659322, Biysk

budaeva@ipcet.ruИнститут проблем химико-энергетических технологий СО РАНРоссияInstitute for Problems of Chemical and Energetic Technologies SB RASRussian Federation202206102022123383393Copyright © Шавыркина Н.А., Гисматулина Ю.А., Будаева В.В., 20222022Шавыркина Н.А., Гисматулина Ю.А., Будаева В.В.Shavyrkina N.A., Gismatulina Y.A., Budaeva V.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vuzbiochemi.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/841

Переработка растительной биомассы в востребованные и экономически обоснованные продукты на сегодняшний момент является признанным мировым трендом. Среди альтернативных энергетических направлений конверсия биомассы – наиболее прогнозируемый и устойчивый углеродный ресурс, способный заменить ископаемые виды топлива. Уже на сегодняшний момент растительная биомасса обеспечивает почти 25% мирового энергоснабжения. В данном обзоре приведены сведения о наиболее перспективных направлениях химической и биотехнологической переработки биомассы такого энергетического растения, как мискантус. Выбор мискантуса обусловлен его высокой урожайностью (до 40 т/га посевной площади) и высоким выходом энергии (140–560 ГДж/га) по сравнению с другим растительным сырьем. Кроме того, мискантус способен расти на маргинальных землях и не требует особых агрономических мероприятий, при этом в процессе его культивирования происходит обогащение почвы органическими веществами и ее очистка от загрязняющих веществ. В обзоре отражены направления переработки нативной биомассы и биомассы, подвергнутой предварительной обработке. Биомассу мискантуса, помимо переработки в энергоресурсы, можно фракционировать и трансформировать во множество высокоценных продуктов – целлюлозу, нитраты целлюлозы, этилен, гидроксиметилфурфурол, фурфурол, фенолы, этиленгликоль. Варочные растворы после азотнокислой предобработки биомассы мискантуса могут выступать в роли лигногуминовых удобрений. Кроме того, на основе гидролизатов целлюлозы мискантуса можно получать доброкачественные питательные среды для биотехнологической трансформации в бактериальную наноцеллюлозу, для накопления и выделения всевозможных микробных ферментов.

The processing of plant biomass into demanded and economically viable products is currently a recognized global trend. Among alternative energy directions, biomass conversion is the most predictable and sustainable carbon resource that can replace fossil fuels. Already today, plant biomass provides almost 25% of the world’s energy supply. This review provides information on the most promising areas of chemical and biotechnological processing of the biomass of such an energy plant as miscanthus. The choice of miscanthus is due to its high yield (up to 40 t/ha of sown area) and high energy yield (140–560 GJ/ha) compared to other plant materials. In addition, miscanthus is able to grow on marginal lands and does not require special agronomic measures, while in the process of its cultivation, the soil is enriched with organic substances and it is cleaned from pollutants. The review reflects the directions of processing of native biomass and pretreated biomass. Miscanthus biomass, in addition to processing into energy resources, can be fractionated and transformed into many high-value products - cellulose, cellulose nitrates, ethylene, hydroxymethylfurfural, furfural, phenols, ethylene glycol, cooking solutions after nitric acid pretreatment of miscanthus biomass can act as lignohumic fertilizers. In addition, on the basis of miscanthus cellulose hydrolysates, it is possible to obtain benign nutrient media for biotechnological transformation into bacterial nanocellulose, for the accumulation and isolation of various microbial enzymes.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.