Biochemical composition of zoned apple varieties growing in different agrocenoses
https://doi.org/10.21285/2227-2925-2023-13-2-255-262
EDN: FPSKAN
Abstract
The study of variability in the chemical composition of fruits under the influence of external factors is important both in terms of adaptation processes of fruit plants and for practical purposes. In this research, we aimed to carry out a comparative analysis of the biochemical composition of apples of such zoned varieties, as Ekrannoe (autumn ripening), Blagaya Vest’ and Krasa Sverdlovska (winter ripening). The trees were growing in different agrocenoses: in a horticultural research station (conventional extensive cultivation) and in a farm (intensive cultivation). For all the studied apple varieties, the content of insoluble nutrients (1.4–1.6 g/100 g), as well as the level of flavonoids (0.4%) and titratable acidity (1.5–1.7%) for winter fruits, were characterized by the lowest variability among other indicators. These indicators, therefore, can be considered species-specific. The level of polyphenols and antioxidant activity of winter apples can be considered variety-specific indicators for Blagaya Vest’ (0.52–0.53 mmol/l gallic acid equivalent; 71.2–75.9%) and Krasa Sverdlovska (0.65 mmol/l gallic acid equivalent; 89.7–90.1%), respectively. In all apple varieties, the contents of organic acids, vitamin C, dry matter, sugars and mineral elements showed the greatest dependence on growing conditions. In winter varieties, this list also included the sugar/acid ratio. In terms of biochemical composition, autumn-ripening apples proved to be more responsive to changes in external environmental factors.
About the Authors
N. L. Naumova
South Ural State University (NRU)
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Natal’ya L. Naumova - Dr. Sci. (Engineering), Professor, Leading Researcher.
76, Lenin Ave., Chelyabinsk, 454080
A. A. Lukin
South Ural State University (NRU)
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Alexander A. Lukin - Cand. Sci. (Engineering), Associate Professor.
76, Lenin Ave., Chelyabinsk, 454080
T. N. Slepneva
Ural Federal Agrarian Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences – a structural unit of the Sverdlovsk Horticulture Selection Station
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Tat’yana N. Slepneva - Head of Structural Unit.
147, Shcherbakov St., Yekaterinburg, 620076
E. A. Velisevich
South Ural State University (NRU)
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Evgenii A. Velisevich - Postgraduate Student.
76, Lenin Ave., Chelyabinsk, 454080
References
1. Dulov M.I. Biochemical composition and production of apples in the countries of the world. Naukosfera. 2022;(2-1):90-96. (In Russian).
2. Grigoryeva L.V., Ershova O.A. Integrated assessment of scion-stock combinations of apple tree and their cultivation efficiency in orchards of an intensive type. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK = Achievements of Science and Technology in Agro-Industrial Complex. 2016;30(5):53-57. (In Russian).
3. Kuzin A.I., Trunov Yu.V. Distribution of available phosphorus in the soil root zone under the influence of drip irrigation and fertigation in the intensive apple orchard. Plodovodstvo i vinogradarstvo Yuga Rossii = Fruit Growing and Viticulture of South Russia. 2015;(34):7285. (In Russian).
4. Trunov Yu.V., Solov’ev A.V., Medelyaeva A.Yu., Kulichikhin I.V., Makova N.E. Methodology of vegetation (microfield) experiments with perennial horticultural crops. Vestnik Michurinskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta = Bulletin of Michurinsk State Agrarian University. 2019;(4):9-12. (In Russian).
5. Trunov Yu.V., Soloviev A.V., Papikhin R.V., Dubrovsky M.L., Shamshin I.N. Perspective apple clonal rootstocks for intensive orchards. Sadovodstvo i vinogradarstvo = Horticulture and Viticulture. 2020;(2):34-40. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.31676/0235-2591-2020-2-34-40.
6. Savel’eva N.N. Biological and genetic features of the apple tree and selection of scab-immune and columnar varieties: monograph. Michurinsk: FGBNU “VNIIS im. I.V. Michurina”; 2016. 280 p. (In Russian).
7. Zagirov N.G. Studying biological features of growth and developmentof theintroduced winterapple cultivars in order to replenish apple gene pool. Subtropicheskoe i dekorativnoe sadovodstvo = Subtropical and Ornamental Horticulture. 2021;(76):25-33. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.31360/2225-3068-2021-76-25-33.
8. Makarenko S.A. The priority apple breeding directions for the areas with severe climatic conditions. Vestnik Altaiskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta = Bulletin of Altai State Agricultural University. 2019;(8):28-35. (In Russian).
9. Churikova N.L., Papihin R.V., Tarova Z.N., Skorohodova L.V., Chestnykh D.Yu. The influence of rootstoks on morphometric parameters of scion component at the nursery. Vestnik Michurinskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta = Bulletin of Michurinsk State Agrarian University. 2014;(5):14-19. (In Russian).
10. Churikova N.L., Tarova Z.N. Diagnostics of the content of anthocyanins in the bark of annual shoots of new promising apple clonal rootstocks bred by Michurinsk agrarian university. Selektsiya i sortorazvedenie sadovykh kul’tur = Breeding and Variety Cultivation of Fruit and Berry Crops. 2019;6(2):99-102. (In Russian).
11. Tarova Z.N., Bobrovich L.V., Borisova O.A. Biochemical parameters of apple fruits in the conditions of the industrial garden of LLC «Gardens of Staraya Russa». Tekhnologii pishchevoi i pererabatyvayushchei promyshlennosti APK – produkty zdorovogo pitaniya = Technologies of the Food and Processing Industry of the Agro-Industrial Complex – Healthy Food Products. 2022;(1):98-103. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.24412/2311-6447-2022-1-98-103.
12. Prichko T.G., Chalaya L.D., Smelik T.L. Technical and biochemical traits of apple fruits of promising varieties grown under the conditions of Southern Russia. Plodovodstvo i vinogradarstvo Yuga Rossii = Fruit Growing and Viticulture of South Russia. 2015;(35):109-122. (In Russian).
13. Cicco N., Lanorte M.T., Paraggio M., Viggiano M., Lattanzio V. A reproducible, rapid and inexpensive Folin-Ciocalteu micro-method in determining phenolics of plant methanol extracts. Microchemical Journal. 2009;91(1):107110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2008.08.011.
14. Pancham Y.P., Girish B., Sanjay S.S. UV-Spectrophotometric method for quantification of ascorbic acid in bulk powder. Pharma Innovation. 2020;9(5):5-8.
15. Öztürk H., Kolak U., Meric C. Antioxidant, anticholinesterase and antibacterial activities of Jurinea consanguinea DC. Records of Natural Products. 2011;5(1):43-51.
16. Arifova Z.I., Khalilov E.S., Smykov A.V., Uskov M.K., Chelebiev E.F. Comparative assessment of the chemical composition of raspberries and apples in the Crimea. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo = Contemporary Horticulture. 2022;(2):11-21. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.52415/23126701_2022_0202.
17. Sedov E.N., Makarkina M.A., Levgerova N.S. Biochemical and technological fruit description of apple gene pool: monograph. Orel: Vserossiiskii nauchno-issledovatel’skii institut selektsii plodovykh kul’tur; 2007. 312 p. (In Russian).
18. Alberti A., Ferreira Zielinski A.A., Couto M., Judacewski P., Mafra L.I., Nogueira A. Distribution of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity in apples tissues during ripening. Journal of Food Science and Technology. 2017;54(6):1511-1518. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-017-2582-z.
19. Jianping W., Yuxiang Z., Yahong Y., Lu D., Tianli Yu. Characteristic fruit wine production via reciprocal selection of juice and non-Saccharomyces species. Food Microbiology. 2019;79:66-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2018.11.008.
20. Alberti A., Santos T., Zielinski A., dos Santos C.M.E., Braga C.M., Demiate I.M., et al. Impact on chemical profile in apple juice and cider made from unripe, ripe and senescent dessert varieties. Food Science and Technology-LEB. 2016;65:436-443. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2015.08.045.
21. Makarenko S.A. Comparative assessment of the biochemistry of apple fruits of Altai varieties as a source of nutritious and biologically active substances. Khimija Rastitel’nogo Syr’ja. 2021;(3):245-252. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2021039177.
22. Makarova N.V., Valiulina D.F., Azarov O.I., Kuznetsov A.A. Comparative studies of the content of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and antioxidant activity of apples of different varieties. Khimija Rastitel’nogo Syr’ja. 2018;(2):115-122. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2018022205.
23. Savich V.I., Vasenev I.I., Sorokin A.E., Dmitrevskaya I.I., Rashkovich V.N. Kinetics of changes in soil properties, processes and regimes occurring in soils: monograph. Moscow: Plodorodie; 2021. 218 p. (In Russian).
24. Patocka J., Bhardwaj K., Klimova B., Nepovimova E., Wu Q., Landi M., et al. Malus domestica: a review on nutritional features, chemical composition, traditional and medicinal value. Plants. 2020;9(11):1408. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9111408.
25. Chupakhina N.Yu., Tõnutare T., Moor U. Comparison of the methods of total antioxidant activity analysis. Vestnik Baltiiskogo federal’nogo universiteta im. I. Kanta = IKBFU’s Vestnik. 2012;(1):69-74. (In Russian).
26. Asaeva T.D., Vaniev A.G., Osikina R.V., Sokaev K.E. The influence of mineral and organic nutrition on the apple harvest in the forest-steppe zone of RNO-Alania. Izvestiya Gorskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta = Proceedings of Gorsky State Agrarian University. 2022;59-1:7-11. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.54258/20701047_2022_59_1_7.
Review
For citations:
Naumova N.L., Lukin A.A., Slepneva T.N., Velisevich E.A. Biochemical composition of zoned apple varieties growing in different agrocenoses. Proceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology. 2023;13(2):255-262. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.21285/2227-2925-2023-13-2-255-262. EDN: FPSKAN
Views:
307
Email this article 