Проблемы конструирования тканеинженерных структур на основе коллагенов и некоторые подходы к их решению: обзор

   Целью проведенной работы являлся анализ современных литературных источников, посвященных исследованию проблем дизайна биочернил и тканеинженерных конструкций на основе растворимых форм коллагена, включая желатин.

   Выбор растворимых форм коллагена в качестве биополимерной основы для биочернил и такого типа конструкций определяется их уникальной биосовместимостью, биорезорбируемостью, наличием адгезионных мест (мотивов) для связывания клеток с последующей их пролиферацией и созреванием органов или тканей. В то же время плохие механические свойства изделий из растворимых коллагенов, быстрая биодеградация, склонность к потере растворимости высоковязких растворов при хранении или увеличении pH ограничивают их применение в тканевой инженерии. Применение более стабильных низковязких коллагеновых растворов не позволяет создать размерно-стабильные тканеинженерные конструкции. Показано, что включение в состав гидрогелей на основе растворимых коллагенов различных водорастворимых биосовместимых полимерных добавок позволяет решить вышеперечисленные проблемы, а также дает возможность настраивать требуемые характеристики биочернил и тканеинженерных конструкций. Среди добавок, улучшающих их характеристики, следует выделить биополимеры: серицин и фиброин шелка, а также альгинаты и фибриноген, способные образовывать сшивки в присутствии Ca²⁺. Показано, что посредством такого типа сшивок можно в еще большей степени улучшить эксплуатационные характеристики данных конструкций. Все эти биополимеры доступны как коммерческие продукты. Проведен сравнительный анализ подходов к стабилизации формы, улучшению механических свойств, а также настраиванию времени биорезорбции напечатанных тканеинженерных конструкций при созревании органа или ткани.

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