Acetaminophen-induced liver and kidney injuries in mice: treatment with Alpinia officinarum rhizome
https://doi.org/10.21285/achb.973
EDN: BXZACK
Abstract
Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is widely used around the world as both an analgesic and antipyretic medication. It is effective and safe when taken in therapeutic doses; however, overdosing can result in liver and kidney toxicity in both humans as well as animals. Medicinal plants are important sources of nutrition and healthcare for humans, and many of them have demonstrated protective effects against liver and kidney injuries. This research investigates the liver and kidney protective effects of various Alpinia officinarum (galangal, I) extracts in mice exposed to acetaminophen. Specifically, it examines the effects of extracts obtained using different solvents, including polar and nonpolar organic solvents and aqueous solutions. The study’s findings indicated that essential oil, hydroethanolic, and chloroform extracts have the most significant protective effects on the liver and kidney. These protective effects may attributed to the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, fatty acids, and phytosterols in these extracts. In conclusion, essential oil, hydroethanol, and chloroform used for the extraction of galangal rhizome effectively isolated various bioactive components, which provided substantial protection against the liver and kidney injuries caused by paracetamol in mice.
Keywords
paracetamol,
Alpinia officinarum (Galangal),
liver and kidney injuries,
medicinal plants,
polar and nonpolar extracts
Supporting agencies: This article was a research project at Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, for which the authors would rather voice their sincere gratitude to them. Also, the authors appreciate Mr. Mojtaba Chaichi, the freelance ESL, EFL, EAL, ESP, and IELTS instructor, for the article.
About the Authors
A. Delavar
Islamic Azad University
Islamic Republic of Iran
Islamic Republic of Iran
Azin Delavar, M. Sc., Assistant, Department of Chemistry
Imam Ali Complex, Moazen Blvd., Karaj, 3149968111, Iran
S. Shahami
Islamic Azad University
Islamic Republic of Iran
Islamic Republic of Iran
Somayeh Shahami, M. Sc., Assistant, Department of Chemistry
Imam Ali Complex, Moazen Blvd., Karaj, 3149968111, Iran
A. Sobhanian
Islamic Azad University
Islamic Republic of Iran
Islamic Republic of Iran
Ali Sobhanian, Dr. Sci. (Pharmacy), Associate Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Zargandeh, Dr. Shariati St., Tehran, 1949635881, Iran
A. Ahmadi
Islamic Azad University
Islamic Republic of Iran
Islamic Republic of Iran
Abbas Ahmadi, Dr. Sci. (Chemistry), Professor, Department of Chemistry
Imam Ali Complex, Moazen Blvd., Karaj, 3149968111, Iran
M. Roghani
Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahed University
Islamic Republic of Iran
Islamic Republic of Iran
Mehrdad Roghani, Dr. Sci. (Physiology), Professor
1471, North Kargar Ave., Tehran, 3319118651, Iran
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For citations:
Delavar A., Shahami S., Sobhanian A., Ahmadi A., Roghani M. Acetaminophen-induced liver and kidney injuries in mice: treatment with Alpinia officinarum rhizome. Proceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology. 2025;15(2):167-177. https://doi.org/10.21285/achb.973. EDN: BXZACK
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