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Genotoxicity and cytogenetic effects of white phosphorus

https://doi.org/.org/10.21285/2227-2925-2019-9-1-81-94

Abstract

In previous studies, the authors of this article demonstrated the metabolism of white phosphorus by fungal cultures. However, the toxic properties of substances are characterised by a different nature. Therefore, research into genotoxicity as a possible source of mutations appears to be of a great interest. In the present work, the genotoxicity of white phosphorus was evaluated using the Ames test, which showed its absence. However, despite all the advantages of this method, the sole Ames test cannot be considered to be a reliable assessment of genotoxicity. For this purpose, a number of tests are frequently used, including the SOS-lux test for DNA damaging activity. In the present work, the SOS-lux test did demonstrate the genotoxicity of white phosphorus. Although the value of DNA-damaging activity for this substance was low, this result was obtained for the first time: all available literature sources had thus far reported no genotoxic properties of white phosphorus. Since the genetic apparatus in prokaryotes is distinct from that in eukaryotes (including humans), the results of studies on Salmonella cannot be directly extrapolated to humans. In addition to gene mutations studied by the Ames and SOS-lux tests and characterised by a common nature in all living organisms, there are genomic rearrangements that should be studied on eukaryotes. For this purpose, the Allium test applied in onion roots (Allium cepa L.) is suitable. In the present study, a negative effect of white phosphorus on the cell cycle of eukaryotes was studied for the first time by the Allium test. Even at very low concentrations of about 0,01%, white phosphorus is established to increase the number of chromosomal aberrations by an order of magnitude.

About the Authors

A. Z. Mindubaev
A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry of Kazan Scientific Center RAS
Russian Federation


E. V. Babynin
Kazan (Volga region) Federal University
Russian Federation


E. K. Badeeva
A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry of Kazan Scientific Center RAS
Russian Federation


D. B. Piskunov
Kazan National Research Technological University
Russian Federation


A. N. Makhiyanov
Kazan National Research Technological University
Russian Federation


S. T. Minzanova
A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry of Kazan Scientific Center RAS
Russian Federation


L. G. Mironova
A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry of Kazan Scientific Center RAS
Russian Federation


A. D. Voloshina
A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry of Kazan Scientific Center RAS
Russian Federation


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Review

For citations:


Mindubaev A.Z., Babynin E.V., Badeeva E.K., Piskunov D.B., Makhiyanov A.N., Minzanova S.T., Mironova L.G., Voloshina A.D. Genotoxicity and cytogenetic effects of white phosphorus. Proceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology. 2019;9(1):81-94. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/.org/10.21285/2227-2925-2019-9-1-81-94

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