Quantitative characteristics of interactions in electrolyte solutions

In aqueous and non-aqueous solutions of strong and weak electrolytes, complex interparticle and intermolecular interactions occur mainly between charged particles, solvent molecules, as well as between ions and solvent dipoles. Depending on the properties of the solvent, the same dissolved electrolyte may exhibit opposite properties. So, for example, acetic acid, weak in water, when interacting with a more protogenic solvent (liquid hydrogen fluoride) exhibits the properties of a base by accepting a proton. This behaviour is understood to be determined by the difference in proton affinity. However, insufficient information has been published on the quantitative characteristics of interactions in solutions of strong and weak electrolytes. The present article considers these processes taking place in dimethylformamide (DMF). The most requested electrolyte solution parameters are evaluated: the solvation number of some ions, as well as the masses and sizes of solvated ions. The calculated values are proved to be consistent with those in the literature data. The thermodynamic constants of diphenic acid dissociation in DMF were determined and calculated using the multilevel modelling method for the energy of hydrogen bonds in solvents, thus accounting for dipolar proton solvents (including DMF). Parameters calculated according to the multilevel modelling equations are shown to be consistent with the known literature. The method of multilevel modelling was used to calculate the energy and dimensional characteristics of ions and chemical compounds, as well as the characteristics of ionisation, heat capacity, critical properties and the isothermal differences of thermodynamic functions from the ideal state of solvents. Calculation methods were developed for predicting and refining the parameters of chemical, biological, medical and other systems, supplemented by constructed models concerning state of the ions in solution.

The authors declare no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this article.

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