Possibility the use biopreparations from coniferous raw materials in artificial reforestation of Scots pine

Ecologically safe biopreparations for agriculture are obtained from the waste of natural raw materials - greenery (needles), which remains after large-scale logging operations. These products (fir extract and spruce extract) contain natural triterpene acids, plant phenolic compounds and flavonoids. Although the growth regulators with similar characteristics are used in forest nurseries, there is still no data about the seedlings growth that were obtained under the influence of these preparations and then planted in the forest. The goal was to study the effect of biological preparations on the Scotch pine growth when it grown in a forest nursery, and then, in the forest culture. The experiments with pre-sowing treatment of pine seeds and its planting were conducted in the forest nursery. Seeds were soaked in preparation solutions (doses of 0.1 and 0.25 ml/kg of seeds) for 6 h. After growing of pine trees in the nursery, plot with cultures from these seedlings was created in the forest. Before planting in the forest, the seedlings were measured (stem height, root collar diameter). Measurements of pine trees were also taken three years in a row in the forest plot (stem height, root collar diameter, increment). Shown that a once seeds treatment by biostimulants ensured high survival and adaptation of pine when it was transplanted into the forest. The biometric characteristics of young trees were higher in the third year than in the ones from the control variant. Concluded that biostimulants obtained from coniferous raw materials are recommended for Scots pine growing in nurseries and increasing the forest cultures sustainability.

1. Calvo P., Nelson L., Kloepper J.W. Agricultural uses of plant biostimulants. Plant and Soil. 2014;383:3-41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-014-2131-8.

2. Ryabchinskaya T.A., Zimina T.V. Regulators of plant growth and development in modern technologies of crop production. Agrokhimiya = Eurasian Soil Science. 2017;12:62-92. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.7868/S0002188117120092.

3. Metsamuuronen S., Siren H. Antibacterial compounds in predominant trees in Finland: review. Journal of Bioprocessing and Biotechniques. 2014;4(5). https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9821.1000167.

4. Chukicheva I.Yu., Hurshkainen T.V., Kutchin A.V. Natural plant growth regulators from coniferous raw materials. Innovatika i jekspertiza: nauchnye trudy. 2018;(3):93-99. (In Russian).

5. Egorova A.V., Chernobrovkina N.P., Robonen E.V. Effects of application of a conifer-derived chemical on the growth and elemental composition of of Pinus sylvestris L. seedlings in a forest nursery. Khimiya rasti-tel'nogo syr'ya. 2017;2:171-180. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2017021720.

6. Kirienko M.A., Goncharova I.A. The prolonged influence of growth stimulants on morphometric indicators of three-year seedlings of main forest forming species of Central Siberia. Sibirskiy lesnoy zhurnal. 2018;(1):65-70. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.15372/SJFS20180107.

7. Grodnitskaya I.D., Polyakova G.G., Senashova V.A., Pashkeeva O.E., Pashenova N.V., Antonov G.I., et al. Treatment of scots pine seeds by biological preparations as a way of improving the planting material quality in forest nurseries of Krasnoyarsk krai. Sibirskiy lesnoy zhurnal. 2021;(3):3-16. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.15372/SJFS20210301.

8. Saltsevich Y.V., Ageev A.A., Buryak L.V., Achikolova I.S. Use of organic biostimulant for growing siberian spruce seedlings. Earth and Environmental Science. 2021;875:012084. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/875/1/012084.

9. Nikonova N.N., Hurshkainen T.V., Shevchenko O.G., Kuchin A.V. “Green technology” processing of pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.) wood greenery to produce bioactive extracts. Holzforschung. 2022;76(3):276-284. https://doi.org/10.1515/hf-2021-0122.

10. Khurshkaynen T.V., Kutchin A.V. Woodchemistry for innovation in agriculture. Izvestiya Komi nauchnogo tsentra UrO RAN = Proceedings of the Komi Science Centre of the Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2011;(1):17-23. (In Russian).

11. Khurshkainen T.V., Stetsenko S.K., Andreeva E.M., Terekhov G.G., Kutchin A.V. The effectiveness of natural growth stimulants in the cultivation of seedlings of Picea obovata Ledeb. Khimija rastitel'nogo Syr'ja. 2021;(3):329-333. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2021038854.

12. Gorbyleva E.L., Borovskii G.B. Growth and stability biostimulators for plants containing terpenoids and other biologically-active compounds. Izvestiya Vuzov. Prikladnaya Khimiya i Biotekhnologiya = Proceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology. 2018;8(4):32-41. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.21285/2227-2925-2018-8-4-32-41.

13. Du Jardin P. Plant biostimulants: definition, concept, main categories and regulation. Scientia Horti-culturae. 2015;196:3-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2015.09.021.

14. Davidyants E.S. Effect of triterpenoid glycosides on a- and в-amylase activity and total protein content in wheat seedlings. Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology. 2011;47(5):480-486. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0003683811050048.

15. Hammerbacher A., Wright L.P., Gershenzon J. Spruce phenolics: biosynthesis and ecological functions. In: The Spruce Genome. NY: Springer; 2020, p. 193-214.

16. Mamaev S.A. Conifer species in the Urals and their use in landscaping. Sverdlovsk: USC AN USSR, 1983. 112 p. (In Russian).

17. Panjushkina N.V., Karasev V.N., Karaseva M.A., Brodnikov S.N. Method of stimulating germination rate of Scots pine seeds. Patent RF, no. 2569017; 2015. (In Russian).

18. Ostroshenko V.Yu., Ostroshenko L.Yu., Ostroshenko V.V., Inshakov S.V., Railko S.P. Growth stimulator “Pichtorost” (“Fir Growl”). Patent RF, no. 2701512; 2019. (In Russian).

19. Tyukavina O.N., Demina N.A. Practice of improving scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seeds and european spruce (Picea abies L.) progeny. Lesnoy vestnik = Forestry Bulletin. 2022;26(6):75-91. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.18698/2542-1468-2022-6-75-91.

20. Khurshkainen T.V., Kuchin A.V., Stetsenko S.K., Andreeva E.M., Terekhov G.G. Method for stimulating the growth rate of Scotch pine seedlings. Patent RF, no. 2790667; 2023. (In Russian).