A toxicological and biochemical model for assessing the ecological quality of agricultural products

The development of organic agricultural markets is associated with a number of difficulties, including the lack of theoretical and practical knowledge in the field of organic farming. The application of enzymatic biotests in the toxicological and biochemical monitoring of agricultural products seems to be a promising direction. In this work, we develop a toxicological and biochemical model for assessing the ecological quality of agricultural products on the example of oilseed crops. The developed unified model includes a test-object, which is standardized according to the key physical and chemical parameters, a test-marker and a test-reaction, as well as a qualitative assessment technique. The latter is based on criteria for evaluating the impact of environmental factors in accordance with the selected detection methods. The developed model was tested on sunflower seeds. For lipase, which was established to be an organ-specific enzyme, the optimum conditions for a test reaction were determined, as well as the nature and conditions of the influence of est subjects. A method for determining the ecological quality of sunflower seeds based on changes in the activity of the organ-specific enzyme in comparison with the reference value was developed. The main analytical characteristics of the method were determined. The proposed model is characterized by a number of innovative features. Among them are the use of the object under study (an entire plant, seeds, fruits, etc.) as a test-object containing a test-marker with a specific test reaction; introduction of the ‘reference value' concept into the field of toxicological and biochemical assessment of agricultural products; introduction of the indicator ‘the dynamics of the activity of an organ-specific enzyme' relative to the reference value, which allows products to be characterized in terms of their ecological purity.

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