Анализ проблемы «супербактерий» и современные подходы к ее решению

Открытие антибактериальных препаратов (АБП) в форме антибиотиков имеет почти 100-летнюю историю. За это время были отмечены как расцвет их эффективности против многих патогенных бактерий, так и современный период возникновения к ним множественной лекарственной устойчивости (МЛУ). В данной обзорной работе проанализированы результаты исследований многих международных лабораторий, занимающихся разработкой как новых антибиотиков, так и других форм противобактериальных препаратов. Представлены современные подходы в области геномных, постгеномных и нанотехнологий, использование которых способствует созданию новых АБП. Благодаря этим технологиям уже получены первые результаты по использованию молекулярных пептидов, наночастиц в качестве АБП, литически действующих на мембрану бактерий. В последние годы в качестве АБП для борьбы с супербактериями вновь стали активно использоваться бактериофаги и их комбинации, получены данные об их способности лизировать патогены. Также проведен анализ результатов метаболомных исследований бактерий, на основе которых стало возможным создание чиповой конструкции – iChip, обеспечивающей высокопроизводительное культивирование бактерий в их естественной среде обитания, предоставляя доступ к «некультивируемым» микроорганизмам. В ряде исследований также на основе методов метаболомики представлены результаты идентификации «некультивируемых» микроорганизмов прямо из метагеномов. Этот подход позволяет далее их клонировать и экспрессировать в геномы протипированных бактерий. По мнению авторов, это позволяет быстро отбирать новые молекулы для открытия антибиотиков. Основным выводом данного обзора является необходимость исследований механизмов формирования у «супербактерий» как факторов МЛУ, так и их взаимодействия с клетками организма человека. В целом, учитывая обширные научные изыскания по созданию новых AБП, будущее в борьбе с «супербактериями» выглядит не столь угрожающим для человечества.

Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.

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