Бактериальная ассоциация Bacillus sp. MX3 и Ensifer adhaerens M1 для эффективной деструкцииперфторалкильных соединений

Перфторалкильные соединения являются стойкими органическими загрязнителями, устойчивыми к природной деградации и представляющими угрозу для экосистем и здоровья человека. Цель проведенного исследования заключалась в оценке эффективности микробной ассоциации Bacillus sp. MX3 и Ensifer adhaerens M1 в разложении перфтороктансульфоновой (C₈) и перфторнонановой (C₉) кислот. Эксперименты проводили в жидкой среде и модельной почвенной системе. Деградацию оценивали по накоплению фторид-ионов (ионообменная хроматография) и снижению концентрации загрязнителей (жидкостная тандемная масс-спектрометрия). Геном штамма MX3 был секвенирован для выявления генов, потенциально вовлеченных в деградацию. В жидкой среде комбинация штаммов обеспечивала более интенсивное разложение соединений, чем монокультуры, достигая 8,6 мг/л (C₈) и 8,7 мг/л (C₉) фторид-ионов за 9 суток. В почве наибольшая эффективность деградации также наблюдалась при совместной аугментации M1 + MX3, обеспечивающей снижение концентрации C₉ и C₈ на 74 и 64% соответственно за 60 суток. Монокультура M1 снижала содержание C₉ на 34% и C8 на 33%, а MX3 — на 42 и 52% соответственно. Секвенирование штамма MX3 выявило гены, участвующие в метаболизме перфтороктансульфоновой и перфторнонановой кислот: dehH1 (галоацетатдегалогеназа), CrcB (транспортер фторид-ионов) и SsuE (десульфонирование). Совместное действие штаммов M1 и MX3 повышает эффективность разложения соединений за счет кооперативных метаболических механизмов. Эти штаммы перспективны для биологической очистки загрязненных почв и воды.

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