The developed method of synthesis of 2-methoxy-3-aryl(hetaryl)propanola by organocatalysis the cross-aldol condensation of aromatic or heteroaromatic aldehydes with matosiuk-sonnym aldehyde under microwave activation. In the syntheses were used the microwave reactor Anton Paar Monowave-300. Effective organocatalysts selected pyrrolidine (30-100 mol%), commonly used in fine organic synthesis. Advantages of this method are the absence of toxic solvents, short reaction time (1-3 min), a simple treatment of the reaction mixture. However, the yields of target products remain moderate (47-53%). Obtained new representatives of a,b unsaturated aldehydes - 2-methoxy-3-phenylpropenal and 2-methoxy-3-(2-furyl)propenal - promising objects for further studies. For example, these compounds may be of interest as starting reagents in the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds (pyrroles, oxazolidines, pyrazoles, imidazolidine,. etc.).

The destruction kinetics of benzoic acid and its two derivative pharmaceutical preparations, furosemide and repaglinide, were studied in UV irradiated aqueous solution. The photodestruction of these preparations in the presence of hydrogen peroxide vari-ous concentrations was also studied. Out of all the studied rea-gents, the active substance of furosemide, 5-aminosulfonyl-4-chloro-2- (2-furanylmethyl) aminobenzoic acid was found to be the most susceptible to photodestruction. Conversely, repaglinide is highly resistant to photolysis, while the introduction of hydrogen peroxide slightly increases the destructive efficiency. The UV-irradiation method can be used to destroy some medications based on benzoic acid derivatives.

The mechanisms of formation and functioning of symbiotic community of microorganisms Medusomyces gisevii. Describes the stages of formation of bacterial cellulose, the mechanism of "quorum sensing" and the role of persisters in the functioning of microorganisms Medusomyces gisevii. The practical importance of the symbiont in the food and industrial processes, as well as the possibility of using biocellulose in medicine, pharmacology and cosmetology. It justifies urgency of study activities Medusomyces gisevii to obtain bacterial cellulose and components of the culture fluid used in the future in various food and processing industries.

The lack of microelements and the development of hypo-microelementoses lead to suppression of the antioxidant system, represented by enzymatic and non-enzymatic components and intensification of oxidative stress. In particular, during the dysfunction of the thyroid gland caused by lack of iodine intake, the level of lipid peroxidation products and the intensity of formation of reactive oxygen species changes and an imbalance in the pro- and anti-oxidant system occurs. In this work, pro- and antioxidant systems of the animal organism in conditions of iodine deficiency under experimental hypothyroidism and subsequent correction with organic forms of iodine and zinc were studied. The state of the antioxidant system of the experimental animals was assessed by the amount of reduced glutathione, the activity of glutathione peroxidase and the total content of antioxidants in serum. The degree of development of oxidative processes in the body was assessed by the accumulation of malonic dialdehyde. In experiments involving 30 non-native white male rats, it was found that experimental hypothyroidism (25 mg / kg of tyrosol for 14 days) caused an intensification of the processes of peroxidation and inhibition of both the enzyme and non-enzyme links of the antioxidant system. The introduction of the investigated microelement organic forms restored not only the level of thyroid hormones, but also inhibited the processes of lipid peroxidation, while restoring the activity and level of enzyme and non-enzyme antioxidants.

The effect of various concentrations of dinitrosyl iron complexes (DNICs) on the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione reductase (GR) was studied under in vitro conditions. The experiment was carried out using preserved blood with a freshly pre-pared aqueous solution of DNICs added (concentration - 5 mmol / l) having a ratio of 1: 150, 1: 100, 1:50 and 1:25. Synthesis of DNICs was performed according to the method described by A.F. Vanina et al. (2005). A multidirectional and dose-dependent effect of DNICs on the activity of antioxidant enzymes of donor blood was revealed. Under the influence of DNICs with a ratio of 1: 150, 1: 100 and 1:50, an increase in SOD activity was observed. The pres-ence of DNICs in the donor blood at a ratio of 1:25 caused a decrease in the total and specific activity of SOD. An increase both in total and specific activities of GR with the addition of DNICs to donor blood in all presented ratios was noted. A decrease in the total and specific catalase activity with the addition of DNICs to the donor blood in a ratio of 1: 150 was observed against the background of the growth of the total activity of the enzyme under the influence of DNICs at high concentrations. An increase in the specific activity of catalase in the presence of DNICs with ratio 1: 100 and 1:50 was revealed. It has been shown that DNICs have antioxidant properties, manifesting through an increase in the activity of SOD, catalase, and GR when injected into donor blood under in vitro conditions in the ratios 1: 100 and 1:50.

The aim of the work was to investigate the enzymatic hydrolysis of a chemical treatment product of oat bran at different substrate concentrations, as well as to evaluate the possibility of increasing the efficiency of hydrolysis at high initial substrate concentrations across different feeding variants. The process of enzymatic hydrolysis of a chemically treatment for oat bran products was carried out at various initial substrate concentrations, as well as with various ways of feeding: first - enzymes, second - substrate. The dependences of the current concentration and the yield of reducing substances (RS) from the initial substrate concentration in the range of 45-200 g / l are determined. The possibility of increasing the yield of reducing substances in both cases of feeding is indicated. It was found that an increase in the initial substrate concentration from 45 g / l to 200 g / l leads to an increase in the final concentration of RS by 81 g / l, while the RS yield is reduced by 33%; the enrichment of enzyme preparations or substrates in enzymatic hydrolysis with a maximum substrate concentration of 200 g / l makes it possible to increase the substrate conversion rate by 10-12%.

The micromycete strain Aspergillus niger VKPM F-719 (B-3), a citric acid producer, can be used to synthesise hydrolytic enzymes by a deep cultivation method on multicomponent carbohydrate substrates. The purpose of this work was to study the dynamics of invertase activity during the cultivation of the Aspergillus niger B-3 strain on glucose and starch hydrolysates. The object of the study was to investigate the use of the Aspergillus niger B-3 micromycete strain, to synthesise citric acid and invertase. Fermentation was carried out periodically using concentrated media technology. Glucose and starch hydrolysates were used as a carbohydrate substrate, with ammonium nitrate acting as a source of nitrogen. Aspergillus niger B-3 fungus strain has the ability to synthesise enzymes with invertase activity when cultivated on glucose and starch hydrolysates. The data obtained can be applied in further studies to develop a technology for the production of citric acid and invertase in a single biotechnological process.

The aim of the research was to evaluate the potential possibility of bacterial oxidation of sulphide minerals of gold-containing flotation pyrite concentrate. The results of studying the concentrate material composition are presented. Laboratory studies of the bacterial oxidation of sulphides are carried out with a mixture of autotrophic bacterial populations consisting of thionic mesophilic bacteria Acidithiobacillus Ferrooxidans, Acidithiobacillus Thiooxidans and Leptospirillum Ferrooxidans. Bacterial adaptation was carried out at a pulp density of 10% solids, followed by an increase to 18%, with a constant measurement of process parameters (pH, Eh, Fe²⁺, Fe³⁺). Three test experiments were conducted in periodic mode. The optimal parameters of bacterial oxidation were established during the studies: pH, Redox potential, concentration of Fe²⁺, Fe³⁺ - ions in the liquid phase of the pulp. The results of chemical analysis of bio-oxidation products are presented. Indicators of gold recovery during cyanide leaching from bacterial oxidation cakes of BIOX-1,2 experiments were respectively 77.99% and 76.86%; in the test without microorganisms, the value was 60.47%. The results of the studies demonstrate the possibility of processing sulphide concentrates by bacterial oxidation.

The effect of an aqueous extract of different varieties of potato plants on the morphological structure and viability of the causative agent of the ring rot - globulin-positive bacterium Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. sepedonicus (Cms) was studied. Six varieties of Solanum tuberosum L. potato plants were studied in vitro: Bellarosa, Zhukovsky ranniy, Lugovskoy, Lukyanovsky, Rosara, Sarma. All varieties differed in their resistance to pathogens. Bacteria were incubated in an aqueous extract of plants for 2 days, then the number of cells in the field of vision, the mortality rate and the width and length of bacterial cells were analysed. The obtained data indicated that the number of cells in the field of vision of a microscope following incubation in an aqueous potato extract, as well as the percentage of living cells, depends on the type of potato. The morphological characteristics (width and length of cells) of the bacterium also changed depending on the type of potato plants. The technique presented in the article is proposed as a means for quickly identifying potato resistance to pathogenic bacteria.

The aim of the work is to develop new carcinogen-free oil plasticisers for tyres and other rubber products by compounding refined aromatic extracts and base oils. Quality characteristics of raffinates obtained as a result of selective purification according to the necessary parameters for obtaining new brands of oils are analysed. The required percentage ratio of the initial components of the final mixture was calculated using mathematical calculations. The compounding was carried out based on calculations and the analysis of finished products according to their quality indicators, as well as a comparison between the calculation and experimental data with the purpose of assessing the prospects of such an approach. The composition of the mixture was selected on the basis of mathematical calculations. The methods of analysis according to Russian state and international standards were chosen as the main methods of research. The experimental formulations were selected according to preliminary calculations of the compositions on the basis of the “kinematic viscosity” parameter. The compositions of four oil plasticisers have been selected, the physicochemical quality indicators of which comply the necessary requirements, as well as REACH regulations concerning the content of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, including benzo [a] pyrene.

The aim of the study was to determine ways for improving the efficiency of processes occurring at the gas-liquid interface between phases when exposed to ultrasonic vibrations. Existing approaches to the ultrasonic intensification of the processes taking place at gas-liquid interfaces are analysed during their implementation on an industrial scale. These approaches include oscillation focusing, the principle of wave superposition, as well as creating conditions for the appearance of resonance phenomena, allowing the phase separation area to be increased and the thickness of the intermediate layer to be reduced. As a result of the research, designs for flat waveguides are proposed and specialised technological devices are created that provide an increased radiation area, uniformity of impact and the absence of mutual compensation for vibrations of different sections of the surface of the radiator. The proposed designs of planar waveguides will provide an efficient industrial ultrasonic intensification of processes in gas-liquid systems.

The aim of the research is to define parameters for extraction of fruit and medicinal and technical raw materials and assessment of the nutritional value of the obtained extracts. The main objects of study were selected: Chinese Magnolia vine, Actinidia kolomikta, Eleutherococcus senticosus, Rhodiola rosea, aralia Manchu, plantain, cranberries. The optimal parameters of extraction: duration - 40 h, temperature 40⁰C, the hydraulic module of 1:10. In the result of determined physico-chemical characteristics of the obtained extracts. The obtained results show that inclusion of extract in the beverage composition in an amount of 10-20 % will provide 25 % of the daily requirement of vitamin C when one-time consumption of 250 cm³ of the drink.

Phytoremediation is a promising technology for cleaning soil and water from toxic heavy metals. It is known that humic substances possess the capability of increasing the intensity of metal absorption by plants. In this connection, the effect of humic preparation from peat on the accumulation of lead by wheat plants was studied for lead nitrate concentrations increasing up to 500 μM / l in a model vegetation experiment in aquatic culture. A significant increase in the accumulation of lead in wheat shoots (above 1000 mg / kg) was established under the progressive action of lead nitrate in comparison with the pronounced effect, indicating the possibility of using wheat as a phytoremediant. Humic preparation strengthened the phytoremediation properties of wheat, estimated by the coefficient of biological absorption: up to 5.4 times with a pronounced effect and up to 2.6 times at a gradual level, which confirms the possibility of using humic substances as phytoextraction effector.

The aim of this work was the study of the actions of some vasotropic funds on crystallogenic properties of blood serum of rats in the simulation of the burn. 50 white Wistar rats weighing 160-180 g were reproduced contact thermal burns of the back (IIIAB - IV degree; area - 20% of body square), followed by treatment by administering 0.9% sodium chloride solution, the combination of rheopolyglukin and trental or use vazoprostan. We studied crystallogenic and initiating properties of blood serum of animals. It is established that the use of vasopressin as monotherapy is the most appropriate for these parameters.

Modelling of the process of subcritical autohydrolysis of wheat straw for optimising the conditions for the maximum yield of sugars was carried out. As a result of the correlation analysis, it is established that the processing time has the most pronounced effect on the yield of sugars. A mathematical model of the process is found and optimal conditions are established: temperature - 200 ° C, pressure - 30 MPa and duration - 60 minutes.

The influence of nodule bacteria, Azotobacter and exogenous phytohormones (IAA and cytokinins) on H₂O₂ content and the activity of peroxidase in the roots of pea seedlings was studied. H₂O₂ content, both in control samples and roots inoculated using Rh.lg, and additionally when combined with Azotobacter, was increased over 24 hours following exposure. H₂O₂ content was lower in seedlings inoculated by Rh.lg than in control plants, and higher in those exposed to Azotobacter. In variants with exogenous phytohormones, the maximum content of H₂O₂ was reached in 10 minutes; after 24 hours, it became lower than in the control plants. Exogenous phytohormones and Azotobacter during the inoculation of pea plants by Rh. lg. result in significant responses relevant for the regulation of the initial stages of symbiont interaction.

Samples of sodium polyacrylate obtained by varying the degree of acrylic acid (AA) neutralisation and a cross-linking agent were studied by attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR). The degree of AA neutralisation (up to 50% and higher), predetermining the presence of two structurally different hydrogel systems, is manifested through the extreme nature of the change in the optical properties and swelling curves of the samples. The amount of binder affects the degree of swelling and the density of the shape of the swollen polymer.

The introduction of accessible unsaturated isothiuronic salts in standart sulphate electrolyte for nickel plating with the aim of electrochemical obtaining bright nickel coating is considered. The previous bench tests with the using of Hull's cell provided a possibility to determine the needed concentration of additives and current strengths in electrolyse. The bright coatings form with current strength 5,0-5,5 A/dm² and additive concentration 0,35-0,53 g/l. The porosity of obtained coatings was investigated and it was shown that it was significantly below, then with using of traditional brightener - thiourea. With using of energodispersion X-ray-spectral analytic method the sulfur containing in obtaining bright coatings was determined. It is 0,61-0,84 % mass.