N THIS ARTICLE THE MUTUAL BEHAVIOR OF COMPONENTS IN TRIPLE WATER SYSTEM WITH PARTICIPATION OF CALCIUM DI-UREA-CHLORATE AND UREA PHOSPHATE IN WIDE INTERVAL OF THE TEMPERATURE AND CONCENTRATION HAVE BEEN STUDIED BY THE VISUAL-POLYTHERMYC METHOD. BASED ON DATA OBTAINED, THE POLYTHERMIC DIAGRAM OF SOLUBILITY OF THE SYSTEM ON RIGHT-ANGLED TRIANGLE FROM EUTECTIC FREEZING POINT TILL 300С HAS BUILT. SURFACE OF LIQUIDUS IS DIVIDED INTO FOUR PARTS, WHICH CORRESPOND TO THE FIELDS OF CRYSTALLIZATION OF ICE, CALCIUM DI- UREA-CHLORATE, UREA PHOSPHATE AND COMPOUND WITH CA(H₂PO₄)(CLO₃)∙CO(NH₂)₂ COMPOSITION. THE COMPOUND WAS PRECIPITATED FROM SUPPOSED AREA OF CRYSTALLIZATION AND WAS IDENTIFIED BY THE METHODS OF CHEMICAL, THERMOGRAPHIC AND IR-SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS. DUE TO GOOD SOLUBILITY OF INITIAL COMPONENTS THE INSIGNIFICANT SALTING-OUT EFFECT OF CALCIUM DI-UREA-CALCIUM CHLORATE AND UREA PHOSPHATE ON COMPOUND CONTAINING CA(H₂PO₄)(CLO₃)∙CO(NH₂)₂ IS OBSERVED IN THE SYSTEM.

The purpose of this work is the synthesis and pesticidal activity testing of 9-aryl-N-aryl, alkyl-substituted 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10-decahydroacridine-1,8-dione derivatives which could become the basis of plant protection products. The substances investigated were obtained by three-component heterocyclization of primary amines with aromatic aldehydes and dimedone. The synthesized compounds were tested for certain types of insecticide (against toxoptera graminum, musca domestica, meloidogyne incognita, heliothis virescens, diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi, caenorhabditis elegans), fungicidal (against drechslera, erysiphe, puccinia, peronospora) and herbicidal (against amaranthus retroflexus, brassica rapa, abutilon theophrasti, alopecurus myosuroides , avena fatua, echinochloa crus galli) activities. All synthesized compounds have shown promising insecticidal activities against toxoptera graminum. 9-(4-methoxyphenyl)-, N-2-phenylethyl-substituted, 9-(3,4-methoxyphenyl)-, N-2-carboxyethyl-substituted and 9-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-N-octyl-substituted derivatives have shown significant herbicidal activities against amaranthus retroflexus. 9-phenyl-N-methyl-substituted derivative was active against amaranthus retroflexus, brassica rapa, and abutilon theophrasti. Only this compound showed antifungal activity against drechslera.

Conditions for obtaining of quasi-binary salt system (Na₂SO₄)_1-х(Gа₂(SO₄)₃)_х are developed and the length of the region of its homogeneity is defined (х 0.00-0.07). The solid electrolyte (Na₂SO₄)_1-х(Gа₂(SO₄)₃)_хis first synthesized, its conductivity by cations of gallium (III) is found. In the composition range 1.0-9.0 mol.% of (Gа₂(SO₄)₃)_х and the temperature range 373-723 K transport properties are investigated: electric conductivity, numbers of the electron transport, the diffusion coefficients of gallium (III) cations. The possibility of using a solid electrolyte (Na₂SO₄)_0,95(Gа₂(SO₄)₃)_0,05 in the composition of an electrochemical cell for coulometric titration of lead telluride (Pb_1±δTe) is shown, temperature range 553-673 K of its operation is determined.

Enniatins (ENs) are secondary fungal metabolites with hexadepsipeptidic chemical structure and they possess a number of potent biological activities and they are known to act as antifungal, anti yeast and antibacterial and to possess anti insecticidal and phytotoxic properties. ENs are produced by several Fusarium strains including Fusarium tricinctum, F. proliferatum and F. subglutinans. The endophyte F. tricinctum (F106) was isolated from the apple shoots in Volga region, Saratov, Russia. Molecular characterization performed by internal transcribed spacer (ITS1,4), rRNA gene sequence analysis and it was confirmed as F. tricinctum, accession number (KR184140). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), investigation of the Ethyl acetate (EtOAc), crude extract of F. tricinctum which was grown on solid rice medium yielded six secondary metabolites, including Enniatins (A, B, G, H), in addition to other metabolites Gibepyrone B and Aureonitol. Fungal crude extract were found to potentiate activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Staphyllococcus aureus. All these structures were determined on the basis of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS).

He aim of the work was to analyze the hydroxycinnamic acids composition and their derivatives in the calluses Echinacea purpurea depending on the type of nutrient medium. It is found that cichoric acid dominates in water-ethanol extracts of callus cultures as well as herbs purple coneflower. The significant increase of caffeic acid derivatives (cichoric, сaftaric, сhlorogenic acids) in callus tissue growing on productional nutrient medium was established. That allows considering the tested culture as a perspective source of pharmacologically valuable phenylpropanoids.

The work aims to study sorption properties of chitin-glucan (ChGC) and chitosan-glucan (CsGC) biopolymer complexes isolated from Aspergillus niger fungal mycelia biomass, a citric acid production waste. According to the obtained data, the sorption capacity of the diacetylated CsGC with primary amine groups is higher against Pb²⁺ and Сu²⁺ ions (130-140 mg/g) as compared with ChGC (50-80 mg/g). Langmuir and Freundlich equations govern adsorption isotherms with high correlation parameters (R²=0,998) and (Сu²⁺ - R²=0,98, Pb²⁺ - R²=0,95) correspondingly. X-ray structural analysis states the samples have a new phase of sorbed ions with functional groups. The study results show it is possible to obtain chitin-glucan and chitosan-glucan bio-complexes isolated from mycelia wastes with high sorption capacity and their application for copper, lead and other heavy metals ions removal has a great future.

Results of this work are directly connected with a problem solution in complex processing of ore enrichment waste at the mining enterprises. In order to optimize the biotechnological transformation processes ore concentrate was studied for microbial activity of mesophilic chemotrophic microorganisms due to their ability to extract metals from ore dumps at the Kostomuksha mining plant. In the experiment biogenous leaching solutions were used. Efficiency of ore leaching was estimated by change of quantity of bacteria, redox potential, acidity and concentration of metal. Due to chemotrophic microorganisms in the ore transformation process metal yield improvement was achieved by 63% compared with traditional chemical leaching. The effect is mediated both by direct oxidation of metals in ore composition, and additional ore oxidation by reoxidated microorganisms in solution.

The aim of this work was to study the effects of probiotic preparations (lactoamilovorin and tetralactobakterine) in combination with potassium iodide and sodium selenite on some indicators of lipid-cholesterol metabolism in laying hens in a comparative perspective. 3 groups of "Hajseks brown" cross laying hens twenty head of hens each were formed to carry out the research. It was found that laying hens treated with complex drugs demonstrated the significant reduction of triacyloglycerols, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol. Also the test bird’s diet enrichment with iodine provided the synthesis of thyroid hormones 1.5-3.2 times more as compared to the control. The study revealed that complex of trace elements included in probiotic lactoamilovorin coupled with a strain of lactic acid bacteria had more pronounced influence.

N this study it was reported, that significant biosurfactants produced by Rhodococcus sp. X5 grown on n-hexadecane, are succinoyl trehalose tetraesters. The structural characterization of trehalolipids was determined based on MS/MS and GC/MS analysis. Succinoyl trehalolipids from Rhodococcus sp. X5 exhibit high surface activity (27 mN/m) and emulsifying activity (E₂₄ - 55%). Biosurfactants were characterized by the next physico-chemical indications - minimum surface tension (27 mN/m), critical micelle concentration (4,1·10^-5 mol/l),hydrophilic - lipophilic balance (7-8), the maximum number of molecule adsorbed per unit area (1,27·10^-5mol/m²), the minimum area per molecule biosurfactant (13 nm²), Gibbs free energy of adsorption (-35 kJ/mol). The results demonstrate that studied trehalolids are capable to increase wetting the surface of hydophobic compounds by water and to form type of emulsion “oil/water”.

The effect of nutrient medium composition on the release of bacteria acting on the surface of zinc, hydrogen peroxide as a product of oxygen biotransformation electron-transport circuit components of bacteria were studied. It is shown that cultivation of gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Clostridium spp. on a meat peptone agar medium was accompanied by the formation of hydrogen peroxide in a smaller amount as against bacteria when cultured on glucose mineral medium. Impact of gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas fluorescens on zinc surface in favorable conditions for the vital activity leads to the high hydrogen peroxide formation.

Heat treatment of wheat straw biomass in the environment of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride is executed at temperatures of 80, 100, 120 and 140 °C using ultrasonic frequency of 44 kHz and a power of 10, 30 and 50 W. Cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin were isolated from straw after treatment. The resulting fractions of polysaccharides were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis using preparation Tsellolyuks A. The change of the mass concentration of sugars yielded in the enzymatic conversion of straw polysaccharides depending on the heat treatment process factors (temperature, duration and power) was investigated to optimize the heat treatment process by mathematical modeling using Design-Expert 8.0.5.2 program. The temperature of 103 °C, processing duration of 5 minutes and the power of 48.5 W were found to be optimum conditions for the maximum yield of sugars. The discrepancy between the predicted and experimentally obtained sugar yield was 1.8% that confirms the validity of the received model.

The aim of this work is to systematize the information contained in scientific publications, patents, websites on methods and devices of measuring the specific surface area of dispersed materials, the classification of measurement methods, consideration of their physical bases, comparative analysis of metrological characteristics and mathematical models for specific surface measurements. Comparative analysis of mathematical models of measurement, metrological characteristics and the physical basis of the method is given. A patent search revealed that the described invention is used as adsorbate gas, nitrogen or argon, an inert gas (helium) as the carrier gas. To achieve adsorption temperature the liquid nitrogen is used as the refrigerant. Analysis of commercially available models suggests that a significant portion of analyzers operates on the base of the low-temperature gas adsorption method (BET), and only a small part is made with limited permeability methods measurement range of the specific surface materials. The most used is a laboratory method of low-temperature gas adsorption (BET method or MTD). Despite the many commercially available analyzers are fundamentally common dynamic response - a long analysis time, due to the fact that adsorption processes at low temperatures are slow. Such speed information to the control system is unacceptable because they do not allow the quality control process. Search and development of high-speed analyzer remains relevant for the determination of the specific surface.

The comparative assessment of physical and chemical parameters of dolomite powder and ashes of shale was carried out. One of the main indicators of mineral powders is an indicator of bitumen content was determined experimentally. Prepared asphalt concrete mixes containing dolomite powder and ashes of shale were tested for the main operational characteristics (ultimate compression strength in different conditions; water saturation). The results of the experiments suggested the possibility of replacing expensive dolomite powder by the cheaper ash powder.

Oil sludge is a complex organic mixture of hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon parts. In present work the elemental composition of the oil refinery sludge was studied by the modern analysis methods - chromatography, infrared and X-ray fluorescence. The mixture of oil sludge mainly composed of hydrocarbon part (80%), gum (40%), paraffinic-naphthenic (18%) and heavy aromatic hydrocarbons (16%). The results were confirmed by the spectra. It was determined, that the part of non-hydrocarbon oil sludge includes heteroatoms (O, S, N), as well as metals (Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, K, Ba, Cu, Zn). X-ray fluorescence analysis method confirmed the results of the statistical processing.

The aim of the work was to study the composition of biological active agents in rice oil of different producers, and their influence on resistance to an oxidizing stress. Objects of researches were rice oil: refined «Basso» (production of «Basso Fedele & Figli S.R.L.», Italy); refined «Mastr'Olivo» (production of «Pietro Coricelli SPA», Italy); natural «Dial-Export» (production of LLC Butas, Russia). Biologically active agents were determined by chromatography-mass spectrometry on a gas chromatograph «MAESTRO 7820A», γ-oryzanole was detected by a spectrophotometry (solvent - n-heptane); vitamin E content was estimated by Emmery-Engel's method with orthophenantroline. Rice oils differed by γ-oryzanole and vitamin E content. γ-oryzanole content (mg/100 g) was found to be correspondingly in rice oils: «Basso» - 406.54, «Mastr'Olivo» - 516.92, «Dial-Export» - 565.49; vitamin E content (mg/100 g) - 88.1; 85.6; 98.8 respectively for oils. The oxidizing stress was modelled by rice oil holding at a temperature of 120 °C within 5 hours. IR-spectrums were recorded each hour. Oxidizing destruction has happened only for the 5th hour of thermal influence. Use of IK-spectroscopy has given the chance to calculate oxidizing coefficients of rice oil on the oxidation beginning stage (K₁ and K₂) and oxidation process end (K3 and K4). K₁ and K₂ were 100 times more, than K₃ and K₄ in all oils, that speaks about prevalence of initial processes of oxidation. Very high vitamin E content in rice oil even at high content of γ-oryzanole causes stronger oxidizing destruction.

The aim of the work was to study the influence of temperature on the efficiency of metabolic processes between the cell and wine material, in particular, on the changes in the concentrations of nitrogenous substances - amine nitrogen and amino acids, during the batonnage in the technology of white table wines. The object of the study was a white table wine material from the Sauvignon grape variety fermented with application of active dry yeast of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Killer (Bayanus) species of race IOC 18-2007 (France). At the end of fermentation the wine material was divided into four sample, stirred with yeast biomass and kept at different temperatures for 4 months: 1 - 4-6 °C; 2 - 10-12 °C; 3 - 16-18 °C (control); 4 - 22-25 °C. The obtained results showed that the activity of mass-exchange and oxidation processes increases with an increase in the temperature. Carrying out the batonnage is advisable at the temperature of 16-18 °C during 2-3 months with periodic stirring.

The aim of the research was to assess the qualitative parameters of canned paste meat containing mix of vegetable oils: pumpkin and mustard. The oils were included at a stage of forcemeat drawing up in various ratios. The organoleptic, physicochemical and microbiological indexes of canned meat, made with oil mix introduction are defined. A content of fat-soluble vitamin in the test and control samples of canned food was also ascertained. The results of the research show that oil mix addition doesn't worsen functional characteristics of canned meat and allow using oils as additive to meat raw materials in the formulations of canned meat. Oil containing canned meat meets microbiological standards. Oil mixture insert enlarges A and E vitamins amount without other indicators change for the worse.

Currently, fast freeze is a topical form of conservation, which allows preserving the nutritional value of food. Qualitative characteristics of the fast-frozen berries of the red currant growing in the Novosibirsk region are investigated at different temperature conditions in the course of storage. It was found that the freezing process has insignificant impact on organoleptic properties and chemical composition of berries. Storage of the fast-frozen berries (in brushes) in case of two modes of storage (minus 18 and minus 12 Celsius degree, in case of relative humidity of air of 90-95%) based on researches of the chemical composition, organoleptic and microbiological indicators authentically showed the best safety of products respectively 9 and 3 months.

Petrochemical plants are the permanent sources of anthropogenic impact on soil. Up to now, in Volgograd there has been no a comprehensive assessment of their impact on the state of the soil cover performed. Existing standardized methods for the determination of petroleum products in soils have large discrepancies in results. In this regard, there is a need to improve their interpretation. The accumulation of phenols, hydrogen sulfide, lead and mercury not detected. With increasing concentration of petroleum products in the soil the content of organic carbon (Cоrg) increases due to the organic carbon of anthropogenic origin.. Direct dependence between the concentration of petroleum products and organic carbon content and pH was found.

Leaf litter potential of different tree species (Betula pendula, Litter mixed foliage, Quercus robur) as a sorption material in relation to Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺ ions was investigated. The sorption process was carried out in several stages until complete iron saturation of the sorption material. The experiment was conducted in the statistical mode, with constant stirring for 120 minutes. To restore the sorption properties of leaf litter and to achieve complete iron ions desorption the pollutant saturated sorbent was subjected to the acid regeneration. Hydrochloric acid in a dilution of 1:8 was found to be optimal eluent. The highest absorption is achieved in the first phase of the study due to the formation of hydrogen bonds between leaf litter cellulose and metal hydroxyl. The study revealed that the sorption material should be used for primary treatment, as the effectiveness of subsequent regeneration does not exceed 40 %.

Dialyzable fractions of brown polymers synthesized in amino-carbonyl interaction of D-lactose with p-toluidine under condition of acid catalysis in aqueous-ethanolic media was studied by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. To study of the fraction’s compositions and their dialysis dynamics two parallel series spectra of dialysates were measured. It is obtained that non-nitrogenous derivatives in dialyzable fractions are presented as weakly colored products with furan structural fragments, the main nitrogenous component is p-toluidine eliminated by the Amadori rearrangement product’s degradation.