Inorganic water-soluble substances and fly ash residues of sunflower bran coverings (hulls, husks) ( Helianthus annuus L.), sampled over different years and across several regions of Russia, were studied. The removal of extractive substances was carried out at different pH values using water, acid solutions, sodium hydroxide and ammonium oxalate. The methods of atomic absorption, X-ray diffraction, differential thermal and microprobe analysis, as well as IR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, were used to study the extracted products. It was established that the nature of the extractant has a significant effect on the yield of extractive substances and ash residues. Potassium, calcium and magnesium ions have the greatest concentration, both in raw material extracts as well as in ash residues. Carbonates were found to comprise the main compounds in the ash composition.

Presents the results of studies on the component composition of phenolic compounds of cranberry juice, prepared with the use of enzymatic pre-treatment and without the use of enzymatic preparations. The profile of flavonoids has been studied. There is evidence of qualitative and quantitative composition of anthocyanins, catechins, hydroxycinnamic acids. The study shows that the quantity and quality of complex study of phenolic compounds in the juice is produced using enzyme preparations, richer and more varied. The study has established that the conduct of the preliminary enzymatic treatment can increase fruit yield in juice: quercetin and its derivatives, anthocyanin and catechin compounds, phenolic acids in 1.1-2.5 times. The composition of the juice obtained from enzymatically treated berries pulp has additionally identified the monomeric flavan-3-ol-epigallocatechin, which presence in the juice obtained without the use of enzyme preparations has not been identified. The study tested the antioxidant activity of cranberry juice and found that the antioxidant activity of cranberry juice prepared using enzymatic pre-processing is estimated significantly higher (1.4 times) than that of juice obtained without the use of enzyme preparations.

The aim is a comprehensive study of the products created by the Airnergy Professional Plus generator. Two series of experiments were carried out to clarify the composition of the gas phase generated by the Airnergy device, as well as its effect on pH, oxidation-reduction potential and dissolved oxygen concentration in distilled water with 0.9% sodium chloride solution during bubbling with the investigated gas flow. The results of the gas flow analysis have confirmed the presence of a modification of the air flow by the generator and the formation of intermediate and final products of radical reactions initiated by the synthesis of singlet oxygen in the stream itself. On the basis of the analysis of a number of physicochemical parameters, experiments on liquids indicated that the ozone and singlet-oxygen mixtures do not have the same effect on these media, which indirectly indicates significant differences in their component composition and oxidative potential.

The purpose of the research is to study the influence of copper plating electrolyte composition and cathodic current density on the copper current output as well as on the quality and thickness of the copper coating. The experiment was carried out in standard copper plating electrolytes and in electrolytes with the addition of phenolsulfonic acid of various concentrations with varying values of the cathode current density across a certain range. It has been established that the addition of phenolsulfonic acid across the studied concentration range has a favourable effect on the quality of the coating and contributes to the production of fine-grained, dense, slightly shiny precipitates. As a result of the studies, the optimal copper electrodeposition mode was determined.

A study into the effect of a new enzyme preparation Pectinol F-RKM 0719, used in the production of red table wines dur-ing maceration, was carried out. The investigated enzyme prepa-ration Pectinol F-RKM 0719 was previously isolated from the cul-ture liquid of the Aspergillus awamori F-RKM 0719 strain, ob-tained through multistage selection and mutagenesis at the De-partment of Biotechnology of the South Kazakhstan State Univer-sity named after M. Auezov. As a result of the development of a combined method of purification and isolation of a pectolytic en-zyme preparation, a preparation with a higher polygalacturonase activity was obtained having a sufficiently high yield of the desired product. The method is based on the sequential removal of individual groups of inactive impurities from the enzyme solutions using activated carbon and anion exchange resin. The use of hy-droxyapatite allows the activation of pectinases to be achieved by removing low molecular proteins. The absence of pectin substanc-es and carbohydrates makes it possible to use it in winemaking to clarify the best varieties of wine and remove the wine stone, which consists of the pectic substances of grape juice. The use of a new enzyme preparation in the process of maceration contributes to increasing the yield of mash from grape pulp, facilitating the pulp pressing and clarification of wine materials by reducing the vis-cosities and suspensions of the mash, as well as increasing the ex-traction of phenolic and colouring substances. The efficiency of enzymatic catalysis in the production of red table wines is demon-strated.

The fluorescence induction method (PAM method) was used to evaluate the condition of the photosynthetic Fucus apparatus before and during freshening, as well as after returning to seawater. The intensity of fluorescence varied little both with open (F0) and with closed reaction centres (Fm). The maximum quantum yield of photochemistry (Fv/ Fm) in fresh water hardly changed, and the effective quantum yield of photochemistry (YII) decreased during freshening for 2-3 days. The photochemical activity of F. vesiculosus L. and F. distichus L. was restored within 60 hours after the algae had returned to the sea. In F. serratus L., complete recovery did not occur. The PAM method did not reveal differences in the induction parameters of F. vesiculosus fluorescence taken from habitats with different salinity. Against the background of the freshening factor, various adaptive possibilities of littoral and sublittoral fucoids are shown.

The influence of electrical impact on the preservation of the vitality of mycelial fungi on the example of Aspergillus niger micromy-cete was studied. The object of the study was the A. niger VKPM F-171 strain, an industrial citric acid producer, which was select-ed at the FGBNU VNIIPD. Electroporation of the fungus culture fluid was carried out during 72 hours after seeding of the nutrient medium using electroporators with generators of exponential and quadratic waves. Using a quadratic wave generator, the electroporation conditions of the culture liquid were selected and electroporation parameters established; this did not lead to any loss of vitality of the producer fungus. Using the chosen electroporation parameters, the mass concentration of organic acids in the culture liquid is increased by 12.1%. The data obtained can be used for future transformation of macromolecules into the A. niger cell by means of electroporation.

The process of adsorption of organic nitrogen-containing and phosphorus-containing compounds into iron atoms, which amounts to 97% in St3 steel, is described. The adsorption process was modelled using the HyperChem 8.0.7 quantum chemical package using the semi-empirical ZINDO / 1 and two molecular mechanics methods to optimise the geometry. It was found that this approach accurately reflects the process of protecting steel from corrosion with microbiological content by chemisorption of an organic compound on the metal surface to form a complex ad-duct. In the course of the study, charges were obtained and ana-lysed according to heteroatoms, the charge density (averaged per iron atom), the composition of the resulting compounds and energy diagrams of the adsorption complex-adduct formation on the basis of the studied molecule.

A comparative study of the effect of successive aqueous, salt and alkaline extractions on the spectral characteristics of the surface of ground pork muscle tissue and its main components was per-formed using attenuated total reflectance IR spectroscopy (ATR - IR) and electron spectroscopy of diffuse reflectance (ESDR). It is shown that, unlike IR spectroscopy, which is a method of group analysis of functional groups, the ESDR method makes it possible to test the component composition of complex biomaterials - proteins, lipids, carbohydrates. The high resolution, sensitivity and informativity of the method are determined by the discrete-ness of electron excitation energies of oxygen lone pairs present in carbonyl groups. These carbonyl groups are found in almost all materials of biologic tissue components, although belonging to their different types - sarcoplasm, muscle fibre as well as stroma and its proteins.

The relevance of the study is determined by the development of the fishing industry and, as a result, aquaculture farms in the Far East of the Russian Federation. Far Eastern sea cucumber (tre-pang) is considered as one of the objects of aquaculture, which is of a great demand in the market of the countries of the Asia-Pacific region. The aim of the work is to substantiate the expedi-ency of obtaining food products for healthy nutrition from the Far Eastern sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus). The paper presents the assessment results of the physical, chemical, biological and microbiological properties of sea cucumbers grown in the North-ern bay of Khasansky district of Primorsky Krai. The mass com-position of cucumbers produced in the spring and autumn periods is given. In addition to the general chemical composition, the con-tent of such physiologically valuable substances as triterpene gly-cosides, aminosugar (glucosamine, galactosamine) in the sea cu-cumber's muscle tissues was studied. The high biological potency of these components makes it possible to assign the Far Eastern sea cucumber to valuable biological objects. In general, the results of experimental studies on the evaluation of the mass, chemical composition and safety parameters of the Far Eastern sea cu-cumber confirm the expediency of obtaining physiologically useful food products from it.

The aim of the study was to investigate means of morphogenesis and explant regeneration characteristics in in vitro culture and to develop biotechnological methods for micropropagation and conservation of promising garden varieties of Canna. The experiments were conducted in the plant biotechnology and virology laboratory of the Nikitsky Botanical Garden, National Centre of Science. For the induction of adventitious shoot development of explants, a Murashige and Skoog (MS) nutrient medium was used having 30 g / l of sucrose, 10 g / l of agar-agar with BAP and TDZ growth regulators. For the in vitro deposition, explants (vegetative buds and meristemoids) were placed on a modified MS medium having 60 g / l of sucrose and 0.2-0.4 g / l of CCС. The culture vessels with explants were transferred to cooling chambers with a low positive temperature (2-6 ° C) and an illumination of 0.1-0.5 klx. It was found that for active adventitious shoot formation during cultivation of Dar Vostoka and Suevia explant varieties, it is necessary to add 1.27 mg / l of TDZ to the MS nutrient medium, and 1.91 mg / l of TDZ for the Livadia variety. It is shown that for the deposition of meristemoids of Dar Vostoka, Livadia and Suevia varieties, the nutrient medium of ½ MS with 0.15-0.25 g / l of CCC is optimal; for adventitious shoots of the Suevia variety, the optimal nutrient was ½ MS with 0.2 g / l of CCC.

The aim of the research is to improve the properties of diesel fuel due to the use of biofuels as addi-tivestha. It is especially important while operating the farm equipment. Biodiesel was obtained by the reaction of transesterification in the presence of a homogeneous alka-line catalyst. Synthesis of biofuels was conducted by the innovative technology with the use of the apparatus with a rotating electromagnetic field students leading to the intensification and acceleration of the chemical reaction. Synthesized fuel was blended with petroleum diesel fuel and analysed according to physicochemi-cal parameters (density, kinematic viscosity, lubricity, etc.). Oil diesel fuel 5, 10, 20, 40, 100% and supple-ment based on microalga chlorella were used. The improved technology of cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris microalgae IGF No. C-111 consisting of four stages and a method for extracting lipids for subsequent use as raw material for the synthesis of biofu-els and bioadditives were developed. The physico-chemical prosperities of the obtained biodiesel are not inferior to diesel fuel and even surpass it in environmental and operational prosperities. Biofuels as a supplement must be used in order to improve the operational and environmental prop-erties of diesel fuels. The most promising raw material for biodiesel is a non-food renewable resource of highly productive oil plants - microalgae.

The results of an investigation into the properties and composition of sediments formed during galvanic coagulation extraction of the ions Cu²+, Ni²+ and Zn²+from wastewater using Al - activated carbon (AC) galvanic pair are presented. The study of the proper-ties and composition of sewage sludge containing heavy metal ions is relevant for the development of technology for its utilisa-tion, since it allows solutions for reducing the technogenic impact on the environment to be developed. The thermogravimetric anal-ysis method showed that the precipitate formed during galvanic coagulation using the Al-AC galvanic pair is mainly represented by gibbsite and also includes zinc, copper, nickel and calcium compounds. The presence of calcium compounds (CaO and CaC₃) in the sediment is explained by the fact that a suspension of Ca(OH)₂ was used to neutralise the treated liquid to pH = 7.8. X-ray phase analysis confirmed thermogravimetric analysis data. The use of scanning electron microscopy made it possible to establish that the precipitate contains not only Al hydroxide, but also com-pounds of heavy metal ions Cu₂+, Ni₂+ and Zn₂+ with a particle size of 1 nm.

The results of compositional research of chemical components forming flavour characteristics of food products based on meat ingredients are presented. To accelerate the processes of bio-chemical treatment, starting cultures such as Lactobacillus plantarum, Staphylococcus carnosus and Micrococcus varians, employed in technologies for obtaining Russian national meat products, were used. It is shown that the taste and aroma of food products based on meat raw materials is determined by a large number of organic compounds, which combination determines the original taste of a particular product. The conditions of bacterial culture influence on the composition of volatile components formed as a result of fermentation of food quality mixtures are compared with flavouring components based on spices. 1-ethyl-2-phenyl-1H-indole; methyl esters of docosanoic, nonanoic, dodec-anoic, tetradecanoic, pentadecanoic, 9-hexadecene, hexadecanoic, cis-10-heptadecanoic, heptadecanoic, cis-9-octadecene, cis-10-nonadecenoic, cis-5, 8, 11, 14-eicosatetraene, cis-5, 8, 11-eicosatriene, 6-octadecene, 10-nonadecene, cis-13-eicosenic, eicosanic, arachidonic, 7,10,13-eicosatriene, 18-methylnonadecanoic, 8,11,14,17-eicosatetraene, cis-5, 8, 11, 14, 17-eicosapentaenoic, docosanoic acids, 3,7, 11-trimethyl-2, 6, 10-dodecatrien-1-ol, 2,4-dinitro-5-fluoroaniline, 1, 9-cyclohexadeca-diene, 11 -hexaden-1-ol acetate, 9-octadecenal, palmitoyl chloride, 1-cyclohexylnonene, D-halopyranoside, cholesterol, octacosyl acetate and 13-tetradecene-1-ol acetate, the mass fraction of which in the sum of the fragrance substances of the product is from 0.1 up to 26%. Chemical substance composi-tions of aroma of muscat and black pepper spices are described for the mixtures on the basis of animal raw materials, which vary under the influence of bacterial cultures.

The aim of the study is to investigate the possibility of processing bakery and grain industry by-products. The objects of the research are substandard bread and millet flour, from which products for quick snacks were obtained using extrusion. The investigations were carried out using an auger extruder under various technological modes. During the research, the optimal formula-tions of extruded products and the parameters of the technological process for their production were determined. In the course of the research, it was found that when manufacturing extruded products based on breadcrumbs, the optimal level of millet included in their composition should be considered to be 30%. The inclusion of such a proportion of additive allowed extrudates with the best or-ganoleptic and physical characteristics to be obtained. Extrusion processing provides high sanitary-hygienic parameters of the product, since bacteria of the Escherichia coli group, mould fungi and Salmonella are completely eliminated, thus considerably pro-longing the shelf life of the finished product. The introduction of the proposed technology will increase the production profitability and solve the problem of processing bakery and grain production by-products.

The problem of preserving the quality and safety of food products in terms of storage processes is considered. The aim of this work was to study polymeric materials containing silver nanoparticles on the surface to create a packaging product with antimicrobial properties. The methods for treating the surface of polyethylene and polypropylene films with colloidal solutions of silver nano-particles are proposed. A comparative analysis of the quality and safety indicators of food products packed in modified polymer films during storage was carried out. Standard methods of micro-biological, sensory and gravimetric analysis were used to study the modified packaging polymeric materials and the protection ef-fectiveness of packed food products. Based on the conducted stud-ies, it was concluded that the processing of packaging polymeric materials with silver nanoparticles is expedient for imparting an-timicrobial properties. It is established that the use of modified films increases the shelf life of the products packaged by this means.

The effect of insoluble dietary fibre (DF) from pea seed shells on the nutritional value and safety of bakery products was studied. It is noted that bakery products with DF obtained from pea seed shells, according to organoleptic and physico-chemical indicators, meet the requirements of GOST 31805-2012 for bakery products from wheat flour. In the study of the chemical composition it was revealed that bakery products with the addition of PV contain a larger amount of calcium, phosphorus and vitamin B in the composition than in the control sample. It was also noted that bakery products with PV from shells of pea grain have a lower energy value than the control sample. In terms of safety indicators, bakery products with DF from pea seed shells meet the requirements of SanPiN 2.3.2.1078-01.

Processes of enrichment of products of plant origin in liquids with dissolved they target substances type sucrose, salt, etc. widespread in the processing industries. When this processed in solutions products as components of the solid phase systems vary in shape and size, concentration in solution, etc.However, quantitative analysis of processing products, these factors are taken into account is not enough. This article describes an example of calculation of the sucrose crystallization in vacuum apparatus. To validate physical-mathematical model of tasks as a geometric object model research-sucrose crystal-ball. Analyzing task based on approximate method was received convenient for numerical analysis of sucrose concentration dependence of the radius and the processing time of the product. As a means of quantitative analysis of numerical experiment was used.This experiment revealed the adequacy of the results of the physical-mathematical modelling of parameters of a real process of crystallization. Received an important theoretical and practical evaluation of time product enrichment of the target substance by relative to limit processing time period of the product.

The article presents data on the use of sulfur-containing sorbent obtained on the basis of tonnage of waste lignin, as well as on the basis of organochlorine wastes from epichlorohydrin production, for the extraction of mercury and mercury salts from aqueous solutions. For obtaining of sorbents lignin previously had been subjected to chlorination by the action of chlorine water (chlorine content of 3.5 - 5.7 per cent). The obtained powders of sorbents differ in sulphur content and content of residual chlorine in the finished product. The results of investigations of sorption properties of the sorbent, as well as its kinetic and thermodynamic characteristics. The sorption activity of this sorbent, while the extraction of mercuric ions from solutions at room temperature has a good performance. Kinetic studies are consistent with the comprehensive coordination mechanism of absorption of mercury ions. These studies will help to solve some global environmental problems, including wastewater treatment from heavy metals, recycling organochloride wastes from epichlorohydrin production and also utilization of large-tonnage waste of pulp and paper industry and hydrolytic lignin.

Use of esters of vegetable raw materials as supplements, both diesel and gasoline fuel can greatly improve performance. Purpose - to study the effect of isopropyl ester of linseed oil on the characteristics of diesel fuel and motor gasoline. Systematic study of various volume ratios of fuel additives and allowed to find the optimal value. On the basis of the true boiling point (CTI) was conducted fractional analysis of the fuel composition without the addition of isopropyl ester of linseed oil and adding it with from 1 to 3% (vol.). The possibility of using isopropyl ether as linseed oil tsetanopovyshayuschey and octane additives.